Generally Accepted Old Testament Types

A. High priest, Aaron was appointed to his sacred office. "And take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron's sons. ... And thou shalt put them upon Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him; and shalt anoint them, and consecrate them, and sanctify them, that they may minister unto me in the priest's office." (Exo 28:1, 41); "And thou shalt put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, and sanctify him; that he may minister unto me in the priest's office." (Exo 40:13) —|— Christ Jesus is the fulfillment. Christ was appointed over the heavenly priesthood. "Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus." (Heb 3:1); "And no man taketh this honour unto himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron. So also Christ glorified not himself to be made an high priest; but he that said unto him, Thou art my Son, to day have I begotten thee. As he saith also in another place, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec." (Heb 5:4-6); "Whither the forerunner is for us entered, even Jesus, made an high priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec." (Heb 6:20); "Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens; A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man." (Heb 8:1) [See: Melchisedec; High Priest], Levitical Installation Sacrifices]

B. Family priesthood, Aaron, over his family in the earthly sphere, was established as head over his sons and all priests. "And take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron's sons." (Exo 28:1); "And thou shalt put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, and sanctify him; that he may minister unto me in the priest's office." (Exo 40:13); "And thou shalt gird them with girdles, Aaron and his sons, and put the bonnets on them: and the priest's office shall be theirs for a perpetual statute: and thou shalt consecrate Aaron and his sons." (Exo 29:9); "And thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that they may minister unto me in the priest's office." (Exo 30:30); "Speak unto Aaron, saying, Whosoever he be of thy seed in their generations that hath any blemish, let him not approach to offer the bread of his God." (Lev 21:17) —|— Jesus Christ, the great High Priest, is established as head over all things to the church. "That Christ should suffer, and that he should be the first that should rise from the dead, and should shew light unto the people, and to the Gentiles." (Acts 26:23); "And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood, And hath made us a kingdom of priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen." (Rev 1:5-6); "And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence." (Col 1:18); "But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ's at his coming." (1 Cor 15:23); "For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings." (Heb 2:10); "Of his own will begat he us with the word of truth, that we should be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures." (James 1:18); "These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. These were redeemed from among men, being the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb." (Rev 14:4) "For both he that sanctifieth and they who are sanctified are all of one: for which cause he is not ashamed to call them brethren, Saying, I will declare thy name unto my brethren, in the midst of the church will I sing praise unto thee." (Heb 2:11-12); "Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus." (Heb 3:1); "Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ." (1 Pet 2:5); "And hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen." (Rev 1:6); "And hast made us unto our God kings and priests: and we shall reign on the earth." (Rev 2:10) [See: Priest, High; Priest(s)]

C. Covenant, Aaron administered the old Mosaic or Law covenant while Christ ministered the New covenant. "And take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron's sons. ... And thou shalt put them upon Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him; and shalt anoint them, and consecrate them, and sanctify them, that they may minister unto me in the priest's office." (Exo 28:1, 41); "And I will sanctify the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar: I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to minister to me in the priest's office." (Exo 29:44); "For every high priest is ordained to offer gifts and sacrifices: wherefore it is of necessity that this man have somewhat also to offer. For if he were on earth, he should not be a priest, seeing that there are priests that offer gifts according to the law: Who serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was admonished of God when he was about to make the tabernacle: for, See, saith he, that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the mount." (Heb 8:3-5) —|— "Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens; A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man. ... But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises. For if that first covenant had been faultless, then should no place have been sought for the second. For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah:" (Heb. 8:1-2, 6-8) [See: Law Covenant]

D. Sacrifices, Aaron was appointed to offer sacrifices daily while Christ offered Himself once for all. He portrays Christ in His preparation and (sacrificial) suffering before entering His glory (portrayed in part by Melchisedec). "Then shall he kill the goat of the sin offering, that is for the people, and bring his blood within the vail, and do with that blood as he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat." (Lev 16:15); "Therefore thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priest's office for everything of the altar, and within the vail; and ye shall serve: I have given your priest's office unto you as a service of gift: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death." (Num 18:7); "Now when these things were thus ordained, the priests went always into the first tabernacle, accomplishing the service of God. But into the second went the high priest alone once every year, not without blood, which he offered for himself, and for the errors of the people." (Heb 9:6-7) —|— "For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us." (Heb 9:24); "Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself." (Heb 7:27); "Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens; A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man. For every high priest is ordained to offer gifts and sacrifices: wherefore it is of necessity that this man have somewhat also to offer. For if he were on earth, he should not be a priest, seeing that there are priests that offer gifts according to the law: Who serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was admonished of God when he was about to make the tabernacle: for, See, saith he, that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the mount." (Heb 8:1-5); "By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God." (Heb. 10:10-12); "Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot." (1 Pet 1:18-19) [See: Blood, Bullock, Lamb, Passover]

E. Robes, "And the holy garments of Aaron shall be his sons' after him, to be anointed therein, and to be consecrated in them. And that son that is priest in his stead shall put them on seven days, when he cometh into the tabernacle of the congregation to minister in the holy place." (Exo 29:29-30); "And the cloths of service, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest's office." (Exo 31:10); "The cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest's office." (Exo 35:19); "The cloths of service to do service in the holy place, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and his sons' garments, to minister in the priest's office." (Exo 39:41); "He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are holy garments; therefore shall he wash his flesh in water, and so put them on." (Lev 16:4) —|— "And they clothed him with purple, and platted a crown of thorns, and put it about his head." (Mark 15:17); "And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre." (Mark 15:46); "Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout." (John 19:23); "And in the midst of the seven candlesticks one like unto the Son of man, clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden girdle." (Rev 1:13)

[See: Priests Garments, High Priest]

[See: Branch]

[See: O.T. Scriptures foretelling His death; Abel; Adam; Ark (of Tabernacle & Temple); Baptism; Blood; Branch; Brasen Serpent; Bullock; Feast of: Firstfruits; David; Joseph Previews Christ; Jeremiah Previews Christ; Lamb; Passover; Saul: sections 5), 7) & 9); Rock]

"According to the Megillah (one of the tractates of the Talmud), the rabbis regard Abigail as one of seven prophetesses who prophesied to Israel. The other six female prophets are: Sarah, Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, Huldah, and Esther. (See Megillah 14a and 14b.) The rabbis do not include Noadiah (Neh 6:14) and Isaiah's wife (Isa 8:3) among the seven prophetesses."

1 Samuel chpt 25, David here portrays the avenging arm of "God's justice" (vs 5-13, 26, 33-34)

• Abigail: Defends the household oppressed by the "son of Belial" (vs 17, 23)
• Comes riding a donkey (vs 20)
• Stands in protection of "all his household" under Nabal, the "son of Belial" (i.e. Satan, vs 24)
• Asks David to let the blame for the offense fall on her alone (substitutionary guilt, vs 24)
• Takes responsibility for "the household" (vs 25)
• Presents an offering for Nabal's trespass (sin sacrifice, vs 27, 18, 35)
• Asks for forgiveness, i.e. acceptance of her offering on behalf of Nabal's household (vs 28)
• Prophecies about David's reign (declaring the kingdom, vs 28-31)
• Became a peacemaker (vs 35)

[See: David; Nabal; 7 ways Abigail is a type of Christ; Abigail: An Old Testament Type-of-Christ; Abigail: A Bible Woman with Beauty and Brains]

1) Jehovah, Abraham is Isaac's father and in parallel God is called 'Father' by Jesus. "And the LORD visited Sarah as he had said, and the LORD did unto Sarah as he had spoken. For Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him. And Abraham called the name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bare to him, Isaac." (Gen. 21:1-3) Abraham as father to Isaac is parallel to God being the Father of Christ Jesus. [See: Gen 11:26-26:5; 32:9; 49:30)] —|— "Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven." (Matt 7:21); "Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones; for I say unto you, That in heaven their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in heaven." (Matt 18:10); "That ye may with one mind and one mouth glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ." (Rom 15:6); "And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise." (Gal 3:29) [See: Matt 1:1; 3:9; John 8:33-58; Rom 4:1-3; Heb 2:16; 6:13; 7:1-9; 11:8-19; 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3, 17; 3:14-15; etc. see Luke 3:1-38); [See: Isaac, Jesus in the Life of Abraham - Father of the Faith and Gal 4:22-27]

2) Christ Jesus, Abraham received the covenant promise of innumerable children and of blessing all mankind. This pointed to Jesus who would be the real father and source of blessing to all of humanity. "And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing: And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee: and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed." (Gen 12:2-3); "And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the Lord appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect. And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly. And Abram fell on his face: and God talked with him, saying, As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations. Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee. And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee. And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God." (Gen 17:1-8) Abraham was the father of many nations but Jesus is the 'Everlasting Father.' (Isa 8:18, 9:6; Psa 45:16; Heb 2:13) —|— Jesus becomes the 'Everlasting Father' and life-giver to humanity. "For the Son of man is not come to destroy men's lives, but to save them. And they went to another village." (Luke 9:56); "Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me. And ye will not come to me, that ye might have life." (John 5:39-40); "The thief cometh not, but for to steal, and to kill, and to destroy: I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly." (John 10:10); "Even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many." (Matt 20:28; Mark 10:45); "For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus; Who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time." (1 Tim 2:5-6); "For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive." (1 Cor 15:22) [See: Ark (of Noah); Isaac]

"No longer shall your name be called Abram, But your name shall be Abraham; For I have made you the father of a multitude of nations." (Gen 17:5) —|— "... our Lord Jesus Christ, Of whom the whole family in heaven and earth is named." (Eph 3:14b-15)

"And it came to pass after these things, that God did tempt Abraham, and said unto him, Abraham: and he said, Behold, here I am. And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of." (Gen 21:1-2) —|— "By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac: and he that had received the promises offered up his only begotten son, Of whom it was said, That in Isaac shall thy seed be called: Accounting that God was able to raise him up, even from the dead; from whence also he received him in a figure." (Heb 11:17-19) [See: Isaac]

1) the image of God, Adam in his perfection was made the image of God and all was pronounced very good. "And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them." (Gen 1:26-27) —|— And Paul says he prefigured Jesus. "Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come." (Rom 5:14; vs 12-21); "And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit. Howbeit that was not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural; and afterward that which is spiritual. The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second man is the Lord from heaven." (1 Cor 15:45-47); "In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them." (2 Cor 4:4); "Who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature." (Col 1:15)

2) representative of humanity, "If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom." (Job 31:33) —|— Paul says he was the representative of humanity in their sins. "Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come." (Rom 5:14); "For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive." (1 Cor 15:22)

3) Christ Jesus, Both Adam and Jesus are called the "son of God" (Luke 3:38; 1:35) and entered the world in a unique way—sinless. Both had a single significant act applied to many. Adam's actions brought consequences to his children, causing them to inherit sin and death (Gen 3:16-19) —|— Christ's actions brought consequences to God's children, causing them to inherit righteousness and life (Rom 5:12-19, 1 Cor 15:20-22, 45-49) In 1 Corinthians chapter 15, Adam is presented as a type of Christ where his earthly body is contrasted with the resurrected body of the glorified Christ and His people. "For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive." (1 Cor 15:21-22); "It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption: It is sown in dishonour; it is raised in glory: it is sown in weakness; it is raised in power: It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body. And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit." (1 Cor 15:42-45) [See: Eve; Isaac; Rebekah]

[See: Altar, (stone and brass); Incense]

Stone altar, The stone altars were of field stones piled up to make an altar for a burned offering. These were uncut, raw stones not purposefully broken or shaped. This was to show that we are not to set the terms of the sacrifice or to establish the basis for atonement (Lev 17:10-11). A cut-stone altar implied making it appeal to man's tastes — to offer what man wants in man's own way and time to whom or what he pleases. This is shown when Cain brought a vegetable offering and thereby despised God's terms for a blood sacrifce to atone for sin. "And there shalt thou build an altar unto the Lord thy God, an altar of stones: thou shalt not lift up any iron tool upon them. Thou shalt build the altar of the Lord thy God of whole stones: and thou shalt offer burnt offerings thereon unto the Lord thy God." (Deut 27:5-6) —|— The stone altar with their uncut stones pointed to a sacrifice of God's choosing — the eternal sacrifice of Jesus, 'once for all, sufficient to remove all claims against us for sin. (2 Cor 5:21; Heb 9:12; 10:10) "For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many." (Mark 10:45); "When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost." (John 19:30); "Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life." (Rom 5:18); "For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him." (2 Cor 5:21); "For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin." (Heb 4:15); "For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens. Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself." (Heb 7:26-27); "Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us." (Heb 9:12); "By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God; ... And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin." (Heb 10:10-12, 17-18); "And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel." (Heb 12:24); "We have an altar, whereof they have no right to eat which serve the tabernacle. For the bodies of those beasts, whose blood is brought into the sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are burned without the camp. Wherefore Jesus also, that he might sanctify the people with his own blood, suffered without the gate. Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp, bearing his reproach." (Heb 13:10-13) [See: Ark (of Noah); Blood, Bullock, Gold, Lamb: (sacrificial, Passover), High Priest, Law Covenant, et cetera. Note that these built stone altars: Abel, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Joshua, Gideon, Israel, Samuel, Saul, David, Elijah, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak with the priests and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel].

Brass altar,

Theophanies: to Adam (Gen 3:8-21; Job 15:7-8); to Enoch (Gen 5:24; Jude 14-15); to Noah (Gen 6:9; 2 Pet 2:5); to Abraham (Gen 15:1; 18:2-33; Acts 7:2-4); to Hagar (Gen 16:10-13); to Isaac (Gen 26:1-5); to Jacob, at Beth-el (Gen 28:10-22; 31:11-13; 32:22-32; 35:7,9; see Hos 12:3-4); to Moses, in the flaming bush (Exo 3:1-15) and at Sinai (Exo 19:16-20:21; 24:9-18; 33:7-11); to the Elders of Israel (Num 11:24-25); to Moses and Joshua (Deut 31:14-23; Josh 5:13-15); to Israel (Jdg 2:1-5); to Deborah (Jdg 4:4-5); to Gideon (Jdg 6:11-24); Manoah (Jdg 13:2-25); to Samuel (1 Sam 3:20-21); to Solomon (1 Kgs 3:5; 9:2; 11:9; 2 Chr 1:7-12; 7:12-22); to Isaiah (Isa 6:1-5); to Ezekiel (Eze 1:26-28) including the incarnation of Jesus (John 1:1 & 14-15, Matt 1:18, 21-23, Luke 1:35, 2:6-13, 1 John 1:1-4 and Heb 1:1-3) and the promised return of Jesus (John 14:3, 2 Thes 1:7-10; 1 Thess 4:14-18) [this "Angel of the Lord" is regarded as a "Redeemer," who saves Israel from evil (Isa 63:9); called an "angel" and a "Mediator" (Job 33:23-28); see also: Theophanies in the Old Testament]

1a) God's provision for life by Christ Jesus, "Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch." (Gen 6:14) The Hebrew word for “cover” is kaphar, which means “to cover, purge, make an atonement, make reconciliation, cover over with pitch.” The Hebrew word for “pitch” is kopher, which means “price of a life, ransom, or pitch.” Therefore, we could read this verse as “covering the ark inside and out with an atonement that is the price of a life.” [See: Jesus in the Old Testament - Noah's Ark] —|— "Even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many." (Matt 20:28; Mark 10:45); "For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus; Who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time." (1 Tim 2:5-6); "By faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house; by the which he condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness which is by faith." (Heb 11:7); "Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water. The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ." (1 Pet 3:20-21); "And spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon the world of the ungodly." (2 Pet 2:5) [See: end comments on Chapter 28. Types And Antitypes]

1b) entered through the door, "A window shalt thou make to the ark, and in a cubit shalt thou finish it above; and the door of the ark shalt thou set in the side thereof; with lower, second, and third stories shalt thou make it." (Gen 6:16); "And the Lord said unto Noah, Come thou and all thy house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation. Of every clean beast thou shalt take to thee by sevens, the male and his female: and of beasts that are not clean by two, the male and his female. Of fowls also of the air by sevens, the male and the female; to keep seed alive upon the face of all the earth." (Gen 7:1-3); "And they went in unto Noah into the ark, two and two of all flesh, wherein is the breath of life. And they that went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as God had commanded him: and the Lord shut him in." (Gen 7:15-16) —|— "But as the days of Noah were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be." (Matt 24:37-39); "And as it was in the days of Noe, so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man. They did eat, they drank, they married wives, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noah entered into the ark, and the flood came, and destroyed them all." (Luke 17:26-27); "Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me. And ye will not come to me, that ye might have life." (John 5:39-40); "I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world." (John 6:51); "Then said Jesus unto them again, Verily, verily, I say unto you, I am the door of the sheep. ... I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture." (John 10:7, 9); "But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name." (John 20:31); "Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved." (Acts 4:12)

1c) saved in the Ark, "In the selfsame day entered Noah, and Shem, and Ham, and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah's wife, and the three wives of his sons with them, into the ark; ... And they that went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as God had commanded him: and the Lord shut him in. ... And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth: and Noah only remained alive, and they that were with him in the ark." (Gen 7:13, 16, 23) —|— "For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved." (John 3:17); "Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him." (Rom 5:9); "Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand; By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain. For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures." (1 Cor 15:1-4) [See: Flood]

[See: Stone Tables or Tablets; Aaron's Rod; Ark, Atonement Cover; Ark (of Noah); Baptism; Jordan; Manna; Stone Tables; Tabernacle Symbols and Types; The Ark of the Covenant]

[See: Ark of Tabernacle; Blood; Bullock; Cloud; Gold; Lamb: sacrificial, Passover; High Priest; Law Covenant; et cetera]

1) creeds, doctrines, philosophies of rebellion against God, Babylon, which came out of the rebellion of Nimrod, stood against Israel and Jerusalem. "And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar." (Gen 10:10); "At that time the servants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against Jerusalem, and the city was besieged." (2 Kings 24:10) In this manner they opposed all that Israel and Jerusalem represented of God before mankind: "For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God: the Lord thy God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself, above all people that are upon the face of the earth." (Deut 7:6); "For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God, and the Lord hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto himself, above all the nations that are upon the earth." (Deut 14:2); "And what one nation in the earth is like thy people, even like Israel, whom God went to redeem for a people to himself...which thou redeemedst to thee from Egypt, from the nations and their gods?" (2 Sam.7:23); "And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot be numbered nor counted for multitude." (1 Kings 3:8); "Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord; and the people whom he hath chosen for his own inheritance." (Psa 33:12); "O daughter of Babylon, who art to be destroyed; happy shall he be, that rewardeth thee as thou hast served us." (Psa 137:8) —|— "And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified." (Rev 11:8); "And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication." (Rev 14:8); "And upon her forehead was a name written, Mystery, Babylon The Great, The Mother Of Harlots And Abominations Of The Earth." (Rev 17:5); "And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird." (Rev 18:2); "And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all." (Rev 18:21)

2) captivity in — condition of an apostate church, "And I have also heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage; and I have remembered my covenant. Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am the Lord, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with a stretched out arm, and with great judgments." (Exo 6:5-6); "And Moses said unto the people, Remember this day, in which ye came out from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from this place: there shall no leavened bread be eaten." (Exo 13:3) —|— "And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified." (Rev 11:8); "And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication." (Rev 14:8); "And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath." (Rev 16:19); "And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird." (Rev 18:2)

In the Old Testament there are 5 examples of baptism: 1) Noah and family in the Ark during the great deluge (Genesis 7-8), 2) Israel at the Red Sea (Exodus 14), 3) Israel at the Jordan River (Joshua 3-4), 4) Northern Israel under Elijah with the spiritual dearth and literal famine followed by a renewal on Carmel with a subsequent great rain (1 Kings 17-18), and 5) Naaman dipping 7 times in the Jordan River (2 Kings 5). [See: Ark (of Noah); Flood; Jordan river; Red Sea]

1) burial into Christ's death, "And the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night: He took not away the pillar of the cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people." (Exo 13:21-22); "But lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thine hand over the sea, and divide it: and the children of Israel shall go on dry ground through the midst of the sea. ... And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left." (Exo 14:16, 22); In the account of Naaman the physical cleaning from leprosy pointed to the spiritual renewal that comes from Christ Jesus. "... And his servants came near, and spake unto him [Naaman], and said, My father, if the prophet had bid thee do some great thing, wouldest thou not have done it? how much rather then, when he saith to thee, Wash, and be clean? Then went he [Naaman] down, and dipped himself seven times in Jordan, according to the saying of the man of God: and his flesh came again like unto the flesh of a little child, and he was clean. ..." (2 Kings 5:1-14) —|— "Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea. And did all eat the same spiritual meat; And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ." (1 Cor 10:1-4); "Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death? Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life." (Rom 6:3-4); "Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life." (Rom 6:4); "Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new." (2 Cor 5:17)

2) consecration to God's will, even unto death:

3) John's baptism, It was a renewal of the original baptism of Israel. "Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea." (1 Cor 10:1-2) John's baptism was a baptism publicly manifesting repentance to restore them to the ‘spirit of the law covenant’ which pointed them to Christ. "Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith." (Gal 3:24); "Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me." (John 5:39); "For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth." (Rom 10:4) —|— "John did baptize in the wilderness, and preach the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins." (Mark 1:4); "When John had first preached before his coming the baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel." (Acts 13:24); "Then said Paul, John verily baptized with the baptism of repentance, saying unto the people, that they should believe on him which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus." (Acts 19:4) [See: Flood; Pharoah; Red Sea; Cup]

1) in life, "And the priest shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar of sweet incense before the Lord, which is in the tabernacle of the congregation; and shall pour all the blood of the bullock at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation." (Lev 4:7); "But flesh with the life thereof, which is the blood thereof, shall ye not eat." (Gen 9:4); "For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul. ... For it is the life of all flesh; the blood of it is for the life thereof: therefore I said unto the children of Israel, Ye shall eat the blood of no manner of flesh: for the life of all flesh is the blood thereof: whosoever eateth it shall be cut off." (Lev 17:11, 14) —|— "Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you. Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day. ... He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me, and I in him." (John 6:53-54, 56); "But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin." (1 John 1:7)

2) in death, "And he said, What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother's blood crieth unto me from the ground. And now art thou cursed from the earth, which hath opened her mouth to receive thy brother's blood from thy hand." (Gen 4:10-11); "And thou shalt slay the ram, and thou shalt take his blood, and sprinkle it round about upon the altar." (Exo 29:16); "And Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: once in the year shall he make atonement upon it throughout your generations: it is most holy unto the Lord." (Exo 30:10); "For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul." (Lev 17:11) —|— "For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins." (Matt 26:28); "But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ." (Eph 2:13)

3) sacrificed life of Jesus — value of a perfect life, "Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: and ye shall keep it up to the fourteenth day of the same month." (Exo 12:5-6); "But ye shall offer a sacrifice made by fire for a burnt offering unto the Lord; two young bullocks, and one ram, and seven lambs of the first year: they shall be unto you without blemish." (Num 28:19); "And whatsoever man there be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn among you, that eateth any manner of blood; I will even set my face against that soul that eateth blood, and will cut him off from among his people. For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul." (Lev 17:10-11); "And thou shalt take of the blood of the bullock, and put it upon the horns of the altar with thy finger, and pour all the blood beside the bottom of the altar." (Exo 29:12) —|— "For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins." (Heb 10:4); "For the bodies of those beasts, whose blood is brought into the sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are burned without the camp. Wherefore Jesus also, that he might sanctify the people with his own blood, suffered without the gate." (Heb 13:11-12); "For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins." (Matt 26:28); "Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot: Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you." (1 Pet 1:18-20); "Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them. For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens; Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself." (Heb 7:25-27); "Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us. For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh: How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?" (Heb 9:12-14); "Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, By a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh." (Heb 10:19-20); "But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ." (Eph 2:13); "In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace." (Eph 1:7) [See: Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types]

4) of the Memorial Supper, We drink of the cup in remembrance of the sacrificed life of the Lord. "Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you." (John 6:53); "For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins." (Matt 26:28) —|— "And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them: and they all drank of it." (Mark 14:23); "And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves. ... Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you." (Luke 22:17, 20); "After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, this cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord." (1 Cor 11:25-27)

[See: Adam; Eve; High Priest; Priest(s)]

"As soon as the Israelites had crossed the Jordan, the Israelites were circumcised at Gilgal. The big difference between Israel in the wilderness and Israel in the land is the difference between Israel in a carnal state and Israel in a conquest and victorious state, because the flesh had been cut off in the Jordan and set aside at Gilgal. They were now a people in the Spirit, just as the Lord had received the Spirit at the Jordan." http://bibleone.net/print_tbs138.html

1) our present rest of faith, "Surely none of the men that came up out of Egypt, from twenty years old and upward, shall see the land which I sware unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob; because they have not wholly followed me." (Num 32:11); Psalm 95; "And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise: All the people that came out of Egypt, that were males, even all the men of war, died in the wilderness by the way, after they came out of Egypt." (Josh 5:4) —|— Those who kept their eye upon God and His miracles and promises entered the promised land. So it is for us to keep faithful unto death. (Rev 2:10; Hebrews 3:12-19); "Let us therefore fear, lest, a promise being left us of entering into his rest, any of you should seem to come short of it. For unto us was the gospel preached, as well as unto them: but the word preached did not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that heard it. For we which have believed do enter into rest, as he said, As I have sworn in my wrath, if they shall enter into my rest: although the works were finished from the foundation of the world." (Heb 4:1-3) and Hebrews 4:1-11

2) the heavenly inheritance, "And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God." (Gen 17:8); "And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the Lord will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service." (Exo 12:25); "Their children also multipliedst thou as the stars of heaven, and broughtest them into the land, concerning which thou hadst promised to their fathers, that they should go in to possess it." (Neh 9:23); "By faith Abraham, when he was called to go out into a place which he should after receive for an inheritance, obeyed; and he went out, not knowing whither he went. By faith he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country, dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise: For he looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God." (Heb 11:8-10) —|— "In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed." (1 Cor 15:52); "Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is." (1 John 3:2); "And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea. And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God. ... And he carried me away in the spirit to a great and high mountain, and shewed me that great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God, Having the glory of God." (Rev 21:1-3, 10-11 a)

(see Num chpt 35); "And among the cities which ye shall give unto the Levites there shall be six cities for refuge, which ye shall appoint for the manslayer, that he may flee thither: and to them ye shall add forty and two cities. ... Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come over Jordan into the land of Canaan; Then ye shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for you; that the slayer may flee thither, which killeth any person at unawares. And they shall be unto you cities for refuge from the avenger; that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation in judgment." (Num 35:6, 10-12); "And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah. And on the other side Jordan by Jericho eastward, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness upon the plain out of the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan out of the tribe of Manasseh." (Josh 20:7-8) —|— "Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God's elect? It is God that justifieth. Who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea rather, that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us." (Rom 8:33-34); "That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us: Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast, and which entereth into that within the veil" (Heb 6:18-19) [See: Canaan]

Kedesh: holy place —|— "And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it." (Rev 21:22)
Shechem: strong shoulder —|— "That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us" (Heb 6:18)
Hebron: fellowship —|— "God is faithful, by whom ye were called unto the fellowship of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord." (1Cor 1:9)
Bezer: strong hiding place —|— "For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God." (Col 3:3)
Ramoth: high place —|— "And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus." (Eph 2:6)
Golan: enclosure for captives —|— "Wherefore he saith, When he ascended up on high, he led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men." (Eph 4:8)

1) of Adam and Eve — covering for sin, "Unto Adam also and to his wife did the Lord God make coats of skins, and clothed them." (Genesis 3:21); "Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered." (Psa 32:1); "Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of thy people, thou hast covered all their sin. Selah." (Psa 85:2); "Woe to the rebellious children, saith the Lord, that take counsel, but not of me; and that cover with a covering, but not of my spirit, that they may add sin to sin." (Isa 30:1); "We lie down in our shame, and our confusion covereth us: for we have sinned against the Lord our God, we and our fathers, from our youth even unto this day, and have not obeyed the voice of the Lord our God." (Jer 3:25); "I clothed thee also with broidered work, and shod thee with badgers' skin, and I girded thee about with fine linen, and I covered thee with silk." (Eze 16:10) —|— The animal skin pointed to the necessary covering for sin provided by Christ Jesus in his love for the world of mankind. "Thou hast forgiven the iniquity of thy people, thou hast covered all their sin. Selah." (Psa 85:2); "And above all things have fervent charity among yourselves: for charity shall cover the multitude of sins." (1 Pet 4:8) Here are some previews: "And David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, and all the Levites that bare the ark, and the singers, and Chenaniah the master of the song with the singers: David also had upon him an ephod of linen." (1 Chr 15:27); "I put on righteousness, and it clothed me: my judgment was as a robe and a diadem." (Job 29:14); "I will greatly rejoice in the Lord, my soul shall be joyful in my God; for he hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, he hath covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decketh himself with ornaments, and as a bride adorneth herself with her jewels." (Isa 61:10)

2) of Church — imputed righteousness of Christ, "Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works, Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered. (Psa 32:1) Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin." (Rom 4:6-8); "For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul." (Lev 17:11) —|— "Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference." (Rom 3:22); "And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement." (Rom 5:11); "But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ." (Eph 2:13); "But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin." (1 John 1:7); "And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel." (Heb 12:24); For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many. (Mark 10:45); "That he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish." (Eph 5:27); "Wherefore, beloved, seeing that ye look for such things, be diligent that ye may be found of him in peace, without spot, and blameless." (2 Pet 3:14); "And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints." (Rev 19:8)

Both 1) & 2) are acts of love. "Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins." (Pro 10:12) —|— "And above all things have fervent charity among yourselves: for charity shall cover the multitude of sins." (1 Pet 4:8); "For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved." (John 3:16-17) [See: Breastplate; Bullock; Blood- 4) of Jesus]

[See: Aaron; Breastplate; Bullock; Blood, 4) of Jesus; Ephod; Linen; Priest, High]

[See: Linen; Priest(s)]

[See: Pillar of cloud]

1a) suffering, shame, ignominy, "Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and an horrible tempest: this shall be the portion of their cup." (Psa 11:6); "For in the hand of the Lord there is a cup, and the wine is red; it is full of mixture; and he poureth out of the same: but the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring them out, and drink them." (Psa 75:8); "Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which hast drunk at the hand of the Lord the cup of his fury; thou hast drunken the dregs of the cup of trembling, and wrung them out." (Isa 51:17); "Babylon hath been a golden cup in the Lord's hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad." (Jer 51:7) —|— "And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath." (Rev 16:19); "Reward her even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double according to her works: in the cup which she hath filled fill to her double." (Rev 18:6);

1b) benefit, honor, reward, "The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou maintainest my lot." (Psa 16:5); "O taste and see that the Lord is good: blessed is the man that trusteth in him." (Psa 34:8); "Blessed is the man whom thou choosest, and causest to approach unto thee, that he may dwell in thy courts: we shall be satisfied with the goodness of thy house, even of thy holy temple." (Psa 65:4); "I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the Lord." (Psa 116:13); "The Lord shall bless thee out of Zion: and thou shalt see the good of Jerusalem all the days of thy life." (Psa 128:5) —|— "And whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward." (Matthew 10:42); "That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel." (Luke 22:30); "Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world." (Matt 25:34); "Then answered Peter and said unto him, Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we have therefore? And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. And every one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my name's sake, shall receive an hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life." (Matt 19:27-29)

2) participation in suffering, persecution, self-denial unto death, "The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou maintainest my lot." (Psa 16:5); [See: Hebrews chpt 11] —|— "But Jesus answered and said, Ye know not what ye ask. Are ye able to drink of the cup that I shall drink of, and to be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with? They say unto him, We are able." (Matt 20:22); "And they said unto him, We can. And Jesus said unto them, Ye shall indeed drink of the cup that I drink of; and with the baptism that I am baptized withal shall ye be baptized." (Mark 10:39); "And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it;" (Matt 26:27); "And he went a little farther, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt." (Matt 26:39): "After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, this cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come." (1 Cor 11:25-26); "And they departed from the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for his name." (Acts 5:41); "For I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us." (Romans 8:18)

"Now this is that which thou shalt offer upon the altar; two lambs of the first year day by day continually. The one lamb thou shalt offer in the morning; and the other lamb thou shalt offer at even: And with the one lamb a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil; and the fourth part of an hin of wine for a drink offering. And the other lamb thou shalt offer at even, and shalt do thereto according to the meat offering of the morning, and according to the drink offering thereof, for a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the Lord." (Exo 29:38-41); "And thou shalt say unto them, This is the offering made by fire which ye shall offer unto the Lord; two lambs of the first year without spot day by day, for a continual burnt offering." (Num 28:3) —|— "The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. ... And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God!" (John 1:29, 36); "By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God." (Heb. 10:10-12); "By so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament. And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death ... For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens; Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself. For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore." (Heb. 7:22-28) [See: Blood; Bullock; Lamb; Tabernacle]

"Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles." (Isa 42:1); "Listen, O isles, unto me; and hearken, ye people, from far; The Lord hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath he made mention of my name." (Isa 49:1) —|— "Behold my servant, whom I have chosen; my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my spirit upon him, and he shall shew judgment to the Gentiles." (Matt 12:18); "For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God: for God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him." (John 3:34); "But if I cast out devils by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God is come unto you." (Matt 12:28); "Wherefore I say unto you, All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men. And whosoever speaketh a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but whosoever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, neither in the world to come." (Matt 12:31-32) [See: The Holy Spirit in the Gospels]

[See: Linen; Manna; Sword; Water]

Esau, the twin brother of Jacob whose father was Isaac and grandfather was Abraham, came from the heritage of those who believed, trusted and obeyed God. His forefathers were guided, blessed, protected and given great promises by God. Yet, Esau could not value any of his spiritual heritage, the promises of God that could be fulfilled in his own life, nor the purpose of waiting for anything. So, he traded something of incredible value to both himself and his progeny for an immediate bowl of cooked stew. In this manner he despised everything that God offered to him as a grandson of Abraham and Sarah and son of Isaac and Rebekah. This is what Apostle Paul addresses to the church saying, "For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be." (Rom 8:6-7). The book of Obadiah lists the sins of Edom, Esau's descendants: the pride of thine heart (vs 3), violence against thy brother Jacob (vs 10), rejoiced over the children of Judah in the day of their destruction (vs 12), laid hands on their substance in the day of their calamity (vs 13), neither shouldest thou have delivered up those of his that did remain in the day of distress (vs 14). [See: Adulterers; Jacob; Ishmael; Israel. The legacy of Esau in the scriptures to the present: worldly strength, power, wealth, survival, militant kingdom.]

1) fleshly Israel, "And Esau said, Behold, I am at the point to die: and what profit shall this birthright do to me?" (Gen 25:32); "Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentiles; and he did eat and drink, and rose up, and went his way: thus Esau despised his birthright." (Gen 25:34); "By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter; choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season." (Heb 11:24, 25); "Therefore speak unto them, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God; Every man of the house of Israel that setteth up his idols in his heart, and putteth the stumblingblock of his iniquity before his face, and cometh to the prophet; I the Lord will answer him that cometh according to the multitude of his idols. (Eze 14:4) —|— "Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright." (Heb 12:16)

2) nominal or disobedient Church, In the event recorded in Numbers chapters 22-25 the pursuit of the desires of the flesh led to a plague and destruction. "And Israel abode in Shittim, and the people began to commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab. And they called the people unto the sacrifices of their gods: and the people did eat, and bowed down to their gods. And Israel joined himself unto Baalpeor: and the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel. And the Lord said unto Moses, Take all the heads of the people, and hang them up before the Lord against the sun, that the fierce anger of the Lord may be turned away from Israel. And Moses said unto the judges of Israel, Slay ye every one his men that were joined unto Baalpeor." (Num 25:1-5) —|— "But I have a few things against thee, because thou hast there them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a stumblingblock before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed unto idols, and to commit fornication." (Rev 2:14)

salvation and deliverance:

1) during the Gospel age, "And brought thee out in his sight with his mighty power out of Egypt." (Deut 4:37) —|— Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son." (Col 1:13) [See: Passover; Lamb; Red Sea; Baptism]

2) during the Millennial age, "And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely." (Rev 22:17) [See: Forty Years; Canaan, Remembering the Passover and Exodus; Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types]

Spring Feasts: 1) Passover, 2) Unleavened Bread, 3) Firstfruits, 4) Pentecost, Fall Feasts: 5) Trumpets, 6) Atonement, 7) Tabernacles, Monthly Feast: 8) New Moon. To explore the various kinds of sacrifices detailed in these feasts see Levitical Offerings and Sacrifices.

1) [See: Horns; Joshua (the High Priest); Lamb; Law Covenant; Messenger of the Covenant; Moses; Passover (original); Sarah]

2) [See: Manna; Leaven; Unleavened Bread]

3) [See: Firstborn; Levites]

4) [See: Hagar; Horns; Ishmael; Joshua (the High Priest); Lamb; Law Covenant; Messenger of the Covenant; Moses; Passover (original); Sarah;Trumpet; Wave Loaves]

5) [See: *Baptism-John's; Boaz; Brasen Serpent; Bullock; Feast of: New Moon; Lamb; Trumpet; Veil of the Tabernacle]

6) [See: Feast of: Trumpets; Bullock; Lamb; Veil of the Tabernacle]

7) [See: Manna; Tabernacle]

8) [See: Num 28:11-15, Feast of: Trumpets; Hagar; Horns; Ishmael; Jordan River; Joshua (the High Priest); Lamb; Law Covenant; Messenger of the Covenant; Moses; Passover (original); Sarah; *Trumpet]

1) Israel, "And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the Lord, Israel is my son, even my firstborn: And I say unto thee, Let my son go, that he may serve me: and if thou refuse to let him go, behold, I will slay thy son, even thy firstborn." (Exo 4:22-23); "And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that the Lord slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast: therefore I sacrifice to the Lord all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the firstborn of my children I redeem." (Exo 13:15); "Thou shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy liquors: the firstborn of thy sons shalt thou give unto me." (Exo 22:29) —|— "And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the Lord, Israel is my son, even my firstborn." (Exo 4:22); "Sanctify unto me all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is mine." (Exo 13:2); "They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn." (Jer 31:9)

2) Christ Jesus, "He shall cry unto me, Thou art my father, my God, and the rock of my salvation. Also I will make him my firstborn, higher than the kings of the earth. My mercy will I keep for him for evermore, and my covenant shall stand fast with him." (Psa 89:26-27) —|— "For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren." (Rom 8:29); "But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept." (1 Cor 15:20); "Who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature. ... And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence." (Col 1:15, 18); "Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus." (Heb 3:1)

3) the church, "And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the Lord, Israel is my son, even my firstborn: And I say unto thee, Let my son go, that he may serve me: and if thou refuse to let him go, behold, I will slay thy son, even thy firstborn." (Exo 4:22-23); "Sanctify unto me all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is mine." (Exo 13:2); "Because all the firstborn are mine; for on the day that I smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I hallowed unto me all the firstborn in Israel, both man and beast: mine shall they be: I am the Lord." (Num 3:13) —|— "For if the firstfruit be holy, the lump is also holy: and if the root be holy, so are the branches." (Rom 11:16); "But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept. For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ's at his coming." (1 Cor 15:20-23); "Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is." (1 John 3:2); "To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect." (Heb 12:23) [See: Levites; Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types]

1) judgment to come, Judgment of the world will come by sudden destruction . "And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth." (Gen 6:13); "For yet seven days, and I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights; and every living substance that I have made will I destroy from off the face of the earth." (Gen 7:4); "And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, and every man: All in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died." (Gen 7:21-22) —|— Our Lord preached repentance and foretold the Last Judgment. "Now after that John was put in prison, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God, And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel." (Mark 1:14-15); "Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city." (Matt 10:15); "But I say unto you, That every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment." (Matt 12:36); "But it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment, than for you." (Luke 10:14; Matt 11:22); "But I say unto you, That it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment, than for thee." (Matt 11:24; Luke 10:12; Mark 6:11); "But as the days of Noah were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be." (Matt 24:37-39); "They did eat, they drank, they married wives, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noah entered into the ark, and the flood came, and destroyed them all." (Luke 17:27); "And as he reasoned of righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come, Felix trembled, and answered, Go thy way for this time; when I have a convenient season, I will call for thee." (Acts 24:25); "And spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon the world of the ungodly." (2 Pet 2:5); "But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men." (2 Pet 3:7); "Standing afar off for the fear of her torment, saying, Alas, alas that great city Babylon, that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgment come." (Rev 18:10)

2) salvation through baptism into Christ, "And it came to pass after seven days, that the waters of the flood were upon the earth. In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights. In the selfsame day entered Noah, and Shem, and Ham, and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah's wife, and the three wives of his sons with them, into the ark." (Gen 7:10-13); "And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, and every man: All in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died. And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth: and Noah only remained alive, and they that were with him in the ark." (Gen 7:21-23); "The fountains also of the deep and the windows of heaven were stopped, and the rain from heaven was restrained." (Gen 8:2) —|— "Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water. The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ." (1 Pet 3:20-21); "Giving thanks unto the Father, which hath made us meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light: Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son" (Col 1:12-13) [See: Ark of Noah; Baptism]

1) First Forty Years — the Jewish age, In this period, the Jews enslaved in Egypt portrayed fleshly Israel in bondage under the taskmaster of the Law. "For whosoever shall commit any of these abominations, even the souls that commit them shall be cut off from among their people." (Lev 18:29); "And it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they returned, and corrupted themselves more than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to bow down unto them; they ceased not from their own doings, nor from their stubborn way. And the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel; and he said, Because that this people hath transgressed my covenant which I commanded their fathers, and have not hearkened unto my voice." (Judg 2:19-20) —|— "For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by them." (Rom 10:5, Gal 3:12); "Tell me, ye that desire to be under the law, do ye not hear the law? For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a bondmaid, the other by a freewoman. But he who was of the bondwoman was born after the flesh; but he of the freewoman was by promise. Which things are an allegory: for these are the two covenants; the one from the mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is Agar. For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children." (Gal 4:21-25). Moses began to act as their deliverer and he was rejected which is clearly a type of Jesus at his first advent when he appeared as the Jewish messiah, deliverer, and likewise was rejected. This was reflected in king Saul's forty year reign (1 Chr 10:1-14; Acts 14:21) where he was rejected (1 Sam 15:22-24). Though Moses fled away Christ was put upon the cross (Luke 9:22), ending the Jewish age. [See: Baptism; Blood; Bullock; Exodus; Hagar; Jerusalem (Zion)]

2) Second Forty Years — the Gospel age, During the next forty years Moses in Midian was a type of Christ during the Gospel age. Here Moses meets Jethro, a priest of God, becomes bridegroom to a non-Israelite bride, tended his flock (the church) and raised two sons, pointing to the two parts of the Christian church, the Jewish and the Gentile believers. "Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters: and they came and drew water, and filled the troughs to water their father's flock. ... And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter." (Exo 2:16, 21); "Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb." (Exo 3:1); "The sons of Moses were, Gershom, and Eliezer." (1 Chr 23:15); "Yet the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured nor numbered; and it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people, there it shall be said unto them, Ye are the sons of the living God." (Hos 1:10) —|— "Is he the God of the Jews only? is he not also of the Gentiles? Yes, of the Gentiles also." (Rom 3:29); "And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory, Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles? As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved." (Rom 9:23-25) This period represents the Gospel age when the church is taken from among all nations. God directed Moses to return to Egypt to deliver his brethren which portrayed Jesus who will reveal himself a second time to natural Israel (Zechariah 14:1-3). And then Zechariah 12:10 tells us that the Jews indeed will receive him "whom they have pierced. This was reflected in a manner with the forty year reign of king David who walked in the spirit as a man after God's own heart (1 Sam 13:14; Acts 13:22). [See: Eve; Rebekah; Zipporah]

3) Third Forty Years — the Millennial age, In the last or third forty year period Moses is a mediator between God and Israel at Mount Sinai and through the wilderness journey. This period illustrates the work of the Millennial age. Moses pointed to Christ standing as a mediator between God and natural Israel. The camp of Israel (which included "a mixed multitude" of non-Israelite peoples, Exo 12:38) portrays all mankind who take hold upon God's offer of life. "Ye shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments: which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the Lord." (Lev 18:5); "And the Lord said unto Moses, Make thee a fiery serpent, and set it upon a pole: and it shall come to pass, that every one that is bitten, when he looketh upon it, shall live. And Moses made a serpent of brass, and put it upon a pole, and it came to pass, that if a serpent had bitten any man, when he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived." (Num 21:8-9); "Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I am God, and there is none else." (Isa 45:22); "Therefore I will look unto the Lord; I will wait for the God of my salvation: my God will hear me. Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy: when I fall, I shall arise; when I sit in darkness, the Lord shall be a light unto me." (Mic 7:7-8) —|— "And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up: That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life." (John 3:14-15); "Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me. And ye will not come to me, that ye might have life." (John 5:39-40); "For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by them." (Rom 10:5, Gal 3:12); "And because I tell you the truth, ye believe me not. Which of you convinceth me of sin? And if I say the truth, why do ye not believe me? He that is of God heareth God's words: ye therefore hear them not, because ye are not of God." (John 8:45-47); "I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world." (John 6:51); "Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord." (Acts 3:19) This was portrayed by the properity of Israel during the forty year reign of Solomon (1Kgs 4:25; 10:27; 2 Chr 1:15, Cp Zech 14:16-19). [See: Baptism; Blood; Brasen Serpent; Bullock; Exodus; Hagar; Jerusalem (Zion); Zipporah and 120 Years: Three Stages, Three Lessons]

Both regal authority and the divine nature inhere in Christ Jesus.

These verses cover all aspects of the heart: "And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the God of thy father, and serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind: for the Lord searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the imaginations of the thoughts: if thou seek him, he will be found of thee; but if thou forsake him, he will cast thee off for ever." (1 Chr 28:9); "The counsel of the Lord standeth for ever, the thoughts of his heart to all generations." (Psa 33:11) and "A good man out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is good; and an evil man out of the evil treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is evil: for of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaketh." (Luke 6:45)

1) the affections, "And they come unto thee as the people cometh, and they sit before thee as my people, and they hear thy words, but they will not do them: for with their mouth they shew much love, but their heart goeth after their covetousness." (Exe 33:31) —|— "For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also." (Matt 6:21); "This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoureth me with their lips; but their heart is far from me." (Matt 15:8); "Whiles it remained, was it not thine own? and after it was sold, was it not in thine own power? why hast thou conceived this thing in thine heart? thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God." (Acts 5:4); "Having eyes full of adultery, and that cannot cease from sin; beguiling unstable souls: an heart they have exercised with covetous practices; cursed children." (2 Pet 2:14)

2) the individual character (conduct), "Said he not unto me, She is my sister? and she, even she herself said, He is my brother: in the integrity of my heart and innocency of my hands have I done this. And God said unto him in a dream, Yea, I know that thou didst this in the integrity of thy heart; for I also withheld thee from sinning against me: therefore suffered I thee not to touch her." (Gen 20:5-6) —|— "But that on the good ground are they, which in an honest and good heart, having heard the word, keep it, and bring forth fruit with patience." (Luke 8:15); "And take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life, and so that day come upon you unawares." (Luke 21:34); " But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God; Who will render to every man according to his deed." (Rom 2:5-6); "Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others." (Eph 2:3)

3) the will or intentions, "And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually." (Gen 6:5); "And the Lord smelled a sweet savour; and the Lord said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake; for the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth; neither will I again smite any more every thing living, as I have done." (Gen 8:21); "Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in the wilderness." (Psalm 95:8); "But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him." (Dan 5:20) —|— "And immediately when Jesus perceived in his spirit that they so reasoned within themselves, he said unto them, Why reason ye these things in your hearts?" (Mark 2:8); "A good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil things." (Matt 6:25; Luke 6:45); " And he said, That which cometh out of the man, that defileth the man. For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness." (Mark 7:20-22); "Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart." (Eph 4:18); "And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God." (Acts 8:37); "Servants, be obedient to them that are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ; Not with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart." (Eph 6:5-6)

King David reveals his affections, individual character and intentions in his prayer that previews Jesus' Prayer: "O Lord God of Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, our fathers, keep this for ever in the imagination of the thoughts of the heart of thy people, and prepare their heart unto thee." (1 Chr 29:18) —|— "I have manifested thy name unto the men which thou gavest me out of the world: thine they were, and thou gavest them me; and they have kept thy word. Now they have known that all things whatsoever thou hast given me are of thee. For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me; and they have received them, and have known surely that I came out from thee, and they have believed that thou didst send me. I pray for them: I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me; for they are thine. And all mine are thine, and thine are mine; and I am glorified in them. ... I have given them thy word; and the world hath hated them, because they are not of the world, even as I am not of the world. I pray not that thou shouldest take them out of the world, but that thou shouldest keep them from the evil. They are not of the world, even as I am not of the world. Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth." (John 17:6-10, 14-17)

[See: Tabernacle]

1a)

1b) of salvation, "The God of my rock; in him will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence." (2 Sam 22:3); "The Lord is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower." (Psa 18:2) —|— "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel; for he hath visited and redeemed his people, And hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David; As he spake by the mouth of his holy prophets, which have been since the world began" (Luke 1:68-70); "For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved." (John 3:17); "Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved." (Acts 4:12); "Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him." (Rom 5:9); "For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father." (Eph 2:18): "And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to reconcile all things unto himself; by him, I say, whether they be things in earth, or things in heaven." (Col 1:20)

1)

2) [See: Abel; Altar, Golden; Blood; Bullock; Horns; Lamb; Manna; Levitical Installation Sacrifices:Incense]

A. The son's birth circumstance. Go"Sarai, Abram's wife, bare him no children." (Gen 16:1) God had promised Abram that Sarah would bare him a son: "But my covenant will I establish with Isaac, which Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year" (Gen 17:21). God kept His promise: "And the LORD visited Sarah as he had said, and the LORD did unto Sarah as he had spoken. For Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him. And Abraham called the name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bare to him, Isaac." (Gen. 21:1-3) The Apostle Paul tells us of two aspects of Isaac's birth that were a shadow of Jesus' birth:

1) Only one son was promised. "And the Lord appeared unto Abram, and said, Unto thy seed will I give this land: and there builded he an altar unto the Lord, who appeared unto him." (Gen 12:7); "In the same day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates" (Gen 15:18); "But my covenant will I establish with Isaac, which Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year." (Gen 17:21) —|— "Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel: Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called." (Rom 9:6-7); "Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ." (Gal. 3:16); "For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son." (John 3:16); "And I knew that thou hearest me always: but because of the people which stand by I said it, that they may believe that thou hast sent me." (John 11:42)

2) The miracle and timing of his birth. Both were born by promise and at the time God had chosen. "Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, Shall a child be born unto him that is an hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear? ... "But my covenant will I establish with Isaac, which Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year." (Gen 17:17, 21) —|— "And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name Jesus. He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David: And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end. Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man? And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God." (Luke 1:31-35); "Who against hope believed in hope, that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, So shall thy seed be. And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now dead, when he was about an hundred years old, neither yet the deadness of Sarah's womb: He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God." (Rom 4:18-20); "But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law." (Gal 4:4); "Through faith also Sara herself received strength to conceive seed, and was delivered of a child when she was past age, because she judged him faithful who had promised." (Heb 11:11)

B. Isaac was the only and dearly beloved son of his father. "And God said, Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed; and thou shalt call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him." (Gen 17:19); "And Abraham called the name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bare to him, Isaac." (Gen 21:3); "Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac." (Gen 21:10); "And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of." (Gen 22:2); "By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac: and he that had received the promises offered up his only begotten son." (Heb 11:17) —|— Jesus Christ is the only-begotten and beloved Son of God, in whom His Father is well pleased. "For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. ... He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God." (John 3:16, 18); "In this was manifested the love of God toward us, because that God sent his only begotten Son into the world, that we might live through him." (1 John 4:9); "And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." (Matt 3:17); "While he yet spake, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them: and behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him." (Matt 17:5); "And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased." (Luke 3:22); "For he received from God the Father honour and glory, when there came such a voice to him from the excellent glory, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." (2 Pet 1:17); "By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac: and he that had received the promises offered up his only begotten son. Of whom it was said, That in Isaac shall thy seed be called: Accounting that God was able to raise him up, even from the dead; from whence also he received him in a figure." (Heb 11:17-19);

C. Isaac carried up the mountain the wood for his own sacrifice on which he was to be slaughtered. "And Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering, and laid it upon Isaac his son; and he took the fire in his hand, and a knife; and they went both of them together." (Gen 22:6) —|— Jesus Christ carried the Cross part way up to Calvary. "And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha." (John 19:17)

D. Isaac was obedient to his father, willing to give up his life, letting himself be bound, waiting patiently for his death-stroke, believing he would live again. "And Abraham said, My son, God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt offering: so they went both of them together. And they came to the place which God had told him of; and Abraham built an altar there, and laid the wood in order, and bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar upon the wood." (Gen 22:8-9); "He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth." (Isa 53:7) —|— Jesus Christ was obedient to His Heavenly Father, unto death, even unto the death of the Cross. "Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again. No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father." (John 10:17-18); "Pilate therefore, willing to release Jesus, spake again to them. But they cried, saying, Crucify him, crucify him. And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath he done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him, and let him go. And they were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified. And the voices of them and of the chief priests prevailed." (Luke 23:20-23); "As a sheep He was led to the slaughter, and like a lamb without a voice before his shearer, so opened He not His mouth." (Acts 8:32); "And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me." (John 12:32); "But after I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee." (Matt 26:32); "Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them." (Heb 7:25)

E. A bride is sought for Isaac (among his relatives). "Abraham was now old and well advanced in years, and the LORD had blessed him in every way. He said to the chief servant in his household, the one in charge of all that he had, “Put your hand under my thigh. I want you to swear by the LORD, the God of heaven and the God of earth, that you will not get a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I am living, but will go to my country and my own relatives and get a wife for my son Isaac.“" (Gen 24:1-4) —|— God seeks out believers to be the bride of Christ from Abraham's spiritual descendants. "For whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother." (Matt 12:50; Mark 3:35); "For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise." (Gal 3:26-29); "For I am jealous over you with godly jealousy: for I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ." (2 Cor 11:2); "Wherefore, my brethren, ye also are become dead to the law by the body of Christ; that ye should be married to another, even to him who is raised from the dead, that we should bring forth fruit unto God." (Rom 7:4); "And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb's wife." (Rev 21:9)

F. Isaac inherited everything from Abraham. "And Abraham gave all that he had unto Isaac." (Gen 25:5) —|— Christ Jesus received everything. "Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come from God, and went to God." (John 13:3); "And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth." (Matt 28:18); "God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds; Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high." (Heb 1:1-3)

G. more ... [Contrast with: Ishmael. See: Rebekah; Zipporah; and Jesus in the Life of Isaac - The Sacrificed Son and Isaac or Ishmael]

1) the natural man, "And he will be a wild man; his hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him; and he shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren." (Gen 16:12) —|— Ishmael speaks of our condition by nature "born after the flesh," when the flesh has undisputed possession, and we live to gratify self; while Isaac typifies that which is "begotten" of God — the new man: as the apostles wrote: "That was not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural; afterward that which is spiritual." (1 Cor 15:46) and "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead." (1 Pet 1:3) The flesh "is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be." (Rom 8:7); "He that was born of the flesh persecuted him that was born after the Spirit." (Gal 4:29); "The flesh lusteth against the Spirit and the Spirit against the flesh and these are contrary one to the other." (Gal 5:17) [See: Isaac or Ishmael]

2) natural Israel under the law, "Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the Lord, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone away backward." (Isa 1:4); "That this is a rebellious people, lying children, children that will not hear the law of the Lord." (Isa 30:9); "I have spread out my hands all the day unto a rebellious people, which walketh in a way that was not good, after their own thoughts." (Isa 65:2); "But this people hath a revolting and a rebellious heart; they are revolted and gone." (Jer 5:23); "What hath my beloved to do in mine house, seeing she hath wrought lewdness with many, and the holy flesh is passed from thee? when thou doest evil, then thou rejoicest. The Lord called thy name, A green olive tree, fair, and of goodly fruit: with the noise of a great tumult he hath kindled fire upon it, and the branches of it are broken. For the Lord of hosts, that planted thee, hath pronounced evil against thee, for the evil of the house of Israel and of the house of Judah, which they have done against themselves to provoke me to anger in offering incense unto Baal." (Jer 11:15-17); "Then shalt thou say unto them, Because your fathers have forsaken me, saith the Lord, and have walked after other gods, and have served them, and have worshipped them, and have forsaken me, and have not kept my law; And ye have done worse than your fathers; for, behold, ye walk every one after the imagination of his evil heart, that they may not hearken unto me." (Jer 16:11-12); "If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land." (2 Chr 7:14) —|— "But to Israel he saith, All day long I have stretched forth my hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people." (Rom 10:21); "For if that first covenant had been faultless, then should no place have been sought for the second. For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah: Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord." (Heb 8:7-9) [Contrast with: Isaac, Hagar]

1) the fallen world of mankind, The sins and disobedience of Israel are just like those of mankind who have rebelled, rejected and disobeyed God. "Such as sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, being bound in affliction and iron; Because they rebelled against the words of God, and contemned the counsel of the most High." (Psa 107:10-11); "I have spread out my hands all the day unto a rebellious people, which walketh in a way that was not good, after their own thoughts." (Isa 65:2); "But this people hath a revolting and a rebellious heart; they are revolted and gone." (Jer 5:23); "For the vineyard of the Lord of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry." (Isa 5:7); "But draw near hither, ye sons of the sorceress, the seed of the adulterer and the whore." (Isa 57:3); "For from the least of them even unto the greatest of them every one is given to covetousness; and from the prophet even unto the priest every one dealeth falsely." (Jer 6:13; 8:10); "O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them." (Hos 10:9); "And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers, and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not me, saith the Lord of hosts." (Mal 3:5); "The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. Corrupt are they, and have done abominable iniquity: there is none that doeth good. God looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, that did seek God. Every one of them is gone back: they are altogether become filthy; there is none that doeth good, no, not one." (Psa 53:1-3); "Since the day that your fathers came forth out of the land of Egypt unto this day I have even sent unto you all my servants the prophets, daily rising up early and sending them: Yet they hearkened not unto me, nor inclined their ear, but hardened their neck: they did worse than their fathers. Therefore thou shalt speak all these words unto them; but they will not hearken to thee: thou shalt also call unto them; but they will not answer thee." (Jer 7:25-27) —|— "But to Israel he saith, All day long I have stretched forth my hands unto a disobedient and gainsaying people." (Rom 10:21); And in Apostle Paul's words, "As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one: There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God." (Rom 3:10-11); "But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe." (Gal 3:22); "What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded." (Rom 11:7); "And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob." (Rom 11:26) [See: Adulterers; Esau; Ishmael; Jacob; Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types]

2) God's chosen people in the gospel age, The experiences of the nation of Israel taken from Egypt and brought into the promised land are an illustration of the blessings received by the Christian during the present time. "By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter; choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season." (Heb 11:24, 25); "And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel." (Exo 19:6); "For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God: the Lord thy God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself, above all people that are upon the face of the earth." (Deut 7:6); "For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God, and the Lord hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto himself, above all the nations that are upon the earth." (Deut 14:2); "And what one nation in the earth is like thy people, even like Israel, whom God went to redeem for a people to himself...which thou redeemedst to thee from Egypt, from the nations and their gods?" (2 Sam.7:23); "And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot be numbered nor counted for multitude." (1 Kings 3:8); "Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord; and the people whom he hath chosen for his own inheritance." (Psa 33:12) —|— "But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light." (1 Pet 2:9); "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ." (Eph 1:3); "Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved;) And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus." (Eph 2:5-6); "If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God. Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth. For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God." (Col 3:1-3) [See: The Nation of Israel as a Type; Baptism; Flood; Jordan River; Red Sea]

3) reconciled world in Christ's kingdom, "But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the Lord, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord': for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the Lord: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more." (Jer 31:33-34); "And he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness." (Psa 9:8); "Say among the heathen that the Lord reigneth: the world also shall be established that it shall not be moved: he shall judge the people righteously. ... Before the Lord: for he cometh, for he cometh to judge the earth: he shall judge the world with righteousness, and the people with his truth." (Psa 96:10, 13) —|— "Be it known unto you therefore, men and brethren, that through this man is preached unto you the forgiveness of sins." (Acts 13:38); "Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered." (Rom 4:7); "Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in the which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, And shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation [judgment]." (John 5:28-29); "Because he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness by that man whom he hath ordained; whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead." (Acts 17:31); "Whom the heaven must receive (retain) until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began. For Moses truly said unto the fathers, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you. And it shall come to pass, that every soul, which will not hear that prophet, shall be destroyed from among the people. Yea, and all the prophets from Samuel and those that follow after, as many as have spoken, have likewise foretold of these days. Ye are the children of the prophets, and of the covenant which God made with our fathers, saying unto Abraham, And in thy seed shall all the kindreds of the earth be blessed. Unto you first God, having raised up his Son Jesus, sent him to bless you, in turning away every one of you from his iniquities." (Acts 3:21-26); "It is written in the prophets, And they shall be all taught of God. Every man therefore that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father, cometh unto me." (John 6:45); "And they shall not teach every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest." (Heb 8:11) [See: Ishmael; Jacob]

1) natural Israel, Jacob was a type of the nation which came from his loins which explains in part why God renamed him Israel. Jacob had sought a spiritual blessing through carnal means when he substituted himself for Esau. (Gen 27 chpt); "Israel then shall dwell in safety alone: the fountain of Jacob shall be upon a land of corn and wine; also his heavens shall drop down dew." (Deut 33:28); "O house of Jacob, come ye, and let us walk in the light of the Lord. Therefore thou hast forsaken thy people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers." (Isa 2:5-6); "The Lord sent a word into Jacob, and it hath lighted upon Israel." (Isa 9:8); "For the Lord will have mercy on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set them in their own land: and the strangers shall be joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob." (Isa 14:1); et cetera. —|— "And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end." (Luke 1:33); "And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:" (Rom 11:26)

How shall this be done? It is through the death and resurrection of Christ Jesus applied to "whosoever will" of all Israel and mankind. "For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus; Who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time." (1 Tim 2:5-6); "In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace;" (Eph 1:7; Col 1:14); "For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead: And that he died for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto him which died for them, and rose again." (2 Cor 5:14-15); "By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all." (Heb 10:10); "Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in the which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, And shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation [judgment]." (John 5:28-29); "Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name? for thou only art holy: for all nations shall come and worship before thee; for thy judgments are made manifest." (Rev 15:4); "And all flesh shall see the salvation of God." (Luke 3:6); "As thou hast given him power over all flesh, that he should give eternal life to as many as thou hast given him." (John 17:2); "And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely." (Rev 22:17) [See: Esau; Ishmael; Israel]

2) spiritual Israel, This was especially in contrast to Esau who was carnal and Ishmael who was fleshly minded. [See: Esau and Ishmael] While Jacob sought in part to know and serve God, God spoke to Jacob saying: "... I am the Lord God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed; And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed. And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of." (Gen 28:13-15) When Jacob had experienced the adversity of his deceptive sins returned to him and was a changed man, then God gave him a new name reflecting a new identity after his return from Padan-aram to Bethel. The angel said, "... Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed." (Gen 32:28) The one who wrestled with Jacob and gave him the new name was an angel (Hos 12:4); "And the Lord said unto Jacob, Return unto the land of thy fathers, and to thy kindred; and I will be with thee." (Gen 31:3); "And Israel took his journey with all that he had, and came to Beersheba, and offered sacrifices unto the God of his father Isaac. And God spake unto Israel in the visions of the night, and said, Jacob, Jacob. And he said, Here am I. And he said, I am God, the God of thy father: fear not to go down into Egypt; for I will there make of thee a great nation: I will go down with thee into Egypt; and I will also surely bring thee up again: and Joseph shall put his hand upon thine eyes." (Gen 46:1-4) —|— "There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God, and you yourselves thrust out." (Luke 13:28); "Now that the dead are raised, even Moses shewed at the bush, when he calleth the Lord the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." (Luke 20:37); "By faith Jacob, when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph; and worshipped, leaning upon the top of his staff." (Heb 11:21) This pointed to Jesus as the real spiritual Israel. "Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles." (Isa 42:1); "Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel: Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called." (Rom 9:6-7) [See: Isaac]

By God's grace the church is called to be Christ's bride and through him also become spiritual Israel. "He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled." (John 3:29); "But the days will come, when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them, and then shall they fast in those days." (Mark 2:20); "For I am jealous over you with godly jealousy: for I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ." (2 Cor 11:2); "Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it; That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word, That he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish." (Eph 5:25-27); "For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones. For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh. This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the church." (Eph 5:31-32); "And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea. And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God. ... And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb's wife. And he carried me away in the spirit to a great and high mountain, and shewed me that great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God, Having the glory of God." (Rev 21:1-3, 9-11 a)[See: Eve; Moses as bridegroom; Rebekah; Zipporah, etc.]

3) Jesus' first advent, and 4) Jesus' second advent, "Jacob was a type of (1) Jesus in going to Bethel, “the house of God,” to get a family-kingdom and (2) him returning with the aid of “God's camp” of angels to establish his kingdom on earth and New Jerusalem above, joined by Jacob's ladder, which is Jesus." Kermit Zarley [See: Jacob a Type of Jesus' Two Advents and Jacob's ladder]

1. Then the devil leaveth him, and, behold, angels came and ministered unto him." (Matt 4:11; Mark 1:13)
2. An angel helped Jesus in Gethsemane. "And he was withdrawn from them about a stone's cast, and kneeled down, and prayed, Saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him." (Luke 22:41-43)
3. An angel rolled away the gravestone. "And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it." (Matt 28:2)
4. Two angels served Jesus at his resurrection. "But Mary stood without at the sepulchre weeping: and as she wept, she stooped down, and looked into the sepulchre, And seeth two angels in white sitting, the one at the head, and the other at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain. And they say unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? She saith unto them, Because they have taken away my Lord, and I know not where they have laid him." (John 20:11-13)
5. Two angels served him again at his ascension. "And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight. And while they looked stedfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel; Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven." (Acts 1:9-11)
6. God's angels also accompany Jesus on his return from heaven to earth. (Matt 16:27; 24:31; 2 Thes 1;7; Rev 19:11-14)
7. And many more are given in Acts to Revelation.

Jesus is the 'ladder' that reconnects mankind with God by way of His sacrificial death and resurrection. "Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me." (John 14:6); "These things have I spoken unto you in proverbs: but the time cometh, when I shall no more speak unto you in proverbs, but I shall shew you plainly of the Father." (John 16:25); "No man hath seen God at any time, the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him." (John 1:18); "God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds." (Heb 1:1-2); "And all things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of reconciliation." (2 Cor 5:18); "And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to reconcile all things unto himself; by him, I say, whether they be things in earth, or things in heaven." (Col 1:20); "Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." (Rom 5:1) [See also: Jacob a Type of Jesus' Two Advents and King]

1) Israel under the law, "For we were bondmen; yet our God hath not forsaken us in our bondage, but hath extended mercy unto us in the sight of the kings of Persia, to give us a reviving, to set up the house of our God, and to repair the desolations thereof, and to give us a wall in Judah and in Jerusalem." (Ezra 9:9); "For, behold, in those days, and in that time, when I shall bring again the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem." (Joel 3:1) —|— "For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children." (Gal 4:25); "And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified." (Rev 11:8)

2) true Zion—spiritual Jerusalem, "But I have chosen Jerusalem, that my name might be there; and have chosen David to be over my people Israel." (2 Chr 6:6); "Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion." (Psa 2:6); "Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is mount Zion, on the sides of the north, the city of the great King." (Psa 48:2); "And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem." (Isa 2:3) —|— "But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all." (Gal 4:26); "But ye are come unto mount Sion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels." (Heb 12:22); "And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband." (Rev 21:2) [See: Zion]

1a) mankind's assertion of self-righteousness, "My righteousness I hold fast, and will not let it go: my heart shall not reproach me so long as I live." (Job 27:6) Job chapter 31 shows the extreme effort of man to present himself as righteous and acceptable before God. This list of assertions saying, "If I have ..." and pleading that "my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me" shows man's confidence in himself. Here is God's reply, "Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die? saith the Lord God: and not that he should return from his ways, and live? But when the righteous turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, and doeth according to all the abominations that the wicked man doeth, shall he live? All his righteousness that he hath done shall not be mentioned: in his trespass that he hath trespassed, and in his sin that he hath sinned, in them shall he die." (Exe 18:23-24) This is supported by Isaiah and David: "Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say, He is righteous? yea, there is none that sheweth, yea, there is none that declareth, yea, there is none that heareth your words." (Isa 41:26); "The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. Corrupt are they, and have done abominable iniquity: there is none that doeth good. God looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, that did seek God. Every one of them is gone back: they are altogether become filthy; there is none that doeth good, no, not one." (Psa 53:1-3) —|— And again in Apostle Paul's words, "As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one: There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God." (Rom 3:10-11); "But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets; Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference: For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God." (Rom 3:21-23); "For if by one man's offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ. Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life. For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous." (Rom 5:18-19); "But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe." (Gal 3:22) [See: Did Enoch Die?]

1b) mankind in affliction, "Such as sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, being bound in affliction and iron; Because they rebelled against the words of God, and contemned the counsel of the most High." (Psa 107:10-11) —|— Jesus says the same, "He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God." (John 3:18); "Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat." (Matt 7:13); "Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. For we know that the whole creation groaneth and travaileth in pain together until now. And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body." (Rom 8:21-23); "But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe." (Gal 3:22); "I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish." (Luke 13:3, 5)

2a) Christ Jesus in perfection, Job portrayed the perfections, sufferings and rewards of Jesus. "There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job; and that man was perfect and upright, and one that feared God, and eschewed evil." (Job 1:1); "Therefore take unto you now seven bullocks and seven rams, and go to my servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt offering; and my servant Job shall pray for you: for him will I accept: lest I deal with you after your folly, in that ye have not spoken of me the thing which is right, like my servant Job. ... So the Lord blessed the latter end of Job more than his beginning: for he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she asses." (Job 42:8, 12) —|— "For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens." (Heb 7:26); "For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him." (2 Cor 5:21); "But ye denied the Holy One and the Just, and desired a murderer to be granted unto you." (Acts 3:14); "Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot." (1 Pet 1:18-19)

2b) Christ Jesus in suffering and reward, Job was afflicted with a most profound suffering and with deep grief in his soul sat upon the ground, prayed and yielded himself to God's will. "And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon me. My bones are pierced in me in the night season: and my sinews take no rest. ... He hath cast me into the mire, and I am become like dust and ashes." (Job 30:16-17, 19); "So the Lord blessed the latter end of Job more than his beginning: for he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she asses." (Job 42:12) —|— Our Lord did likewise in the Garden of Gethsemane. "Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place called Gethsemane, and saith unto the disciples, Sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder. And he took with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to be sorrowful and very heavy. Then saith he unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death." (Matt 26:36-38); "And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground." (Luke 22:44); "Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved." (Acts 4:12); "Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name: That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." (Php 2:5-11); "God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds; Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high." (Heb 1:1-3); "He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David: And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end." (Luke 1:32-33) [See: Gold]

1) death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, Jonas was in the belly of the great fish for three days and three nights. "Now the Lord had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights." (Jonah 1:17); "Then Jonah prayed unto the Lord his God out of the fish's belly, And said, I cried by reason of mine affliction unto the Lord, and he heard me; out of the belly of hell cried I, and thou heardest my voice." (Jonah 2:1-2) —|— Jesus used this as a sign of His own Resurrection from the Tomb of Joseph of Arimathea. "For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth." (Matt 12:40); Jesus was in the tomb for parts of three days before His Resurrection. "And shall deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify him: and the third day he shall rise again." (Matt 20:19); "Command therefore that the sepulchre be made sure until the third day, lest his disciples come by night, and steal him away, and say unto the people, He is risen from the dead: so the last error shall be worse than the first." (Matt 27:64); "Then opened he their understanding, that they might understand the scriptures, And said unto them, Thus it is written, and thus it behooved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day: And that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem." (Luke 24:45-47)

2a) proclaimer of judgment to come, "And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he cried, and said, Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown. So the people of Nineveh believed God, and proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least of them. For word came unto the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his throne, and he laid his robe from him, and covered him with sackcloth, and sat in ashes." (Jonah 3:4-6) —|— "But I say unto you, That every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment." (Matt 12:36); "But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men." (2 Pet 3:7)

2b) called sinners to repentance, "So Jonah arose, and went unto Nineveh, according to the word of the Lord. Now Nineveh was an exceeding great city of three days' journey. And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he cried, and said, Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown. So the people of Nineveh believed God, and proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least of them." (Jonah 3:3-5) —|— "Now after that John was put in prison, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God, And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel." (Mark 1:14-15); "The men of Nineve shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas is here." (Luke 11:32; Matt 12:41); "But go ye and learn what that meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice: for I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance." (Matt 9:13); "I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish." (Luke 13:3, 5) The disciples were sent on Jesus behalf to all nations. "And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world. Amen." (Matt 28:18-20)

3) the Jewish Nation,

1) Christ, [See: Jonathan Previews Christ and Jesus in the Life of Jonathan - The Faithful Friend]

2) John the Baptist, Jonathan showed us a little gleam of the heart and love of John the Baptist. "And it came to pass, when he [David] had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul. ... And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him [rank and privilege], and gave it to David, and his garments [family status], even to his sword [military leadership], and to his bow [military prowess], and to his girdle [pledge of service to the king]." (1 Sam 18:1, 4); "And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan Saul's son delighted much in David: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself: And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou art, and I will commune with my father of thee; and what I see, that I will tell thee. And Jonathan spake good of David unto Saul his father, and said unto him, Let not the king sin against his servant, against David; because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works have been to thee-ward very good: For he did put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the Lord wrought a great salvation for all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice: wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?" (1 Sam 19:1-5) —|— Notice how similar this is to John the Baptist who divested himself of any claims and promoted Christ Jesus. "John bare witness of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom I spake, He that cometh after me is preferred before me: for he was before me." (John 1:15); "John answered them, saying, I baptize with water: but there standeth one among you, whom ye know not; He it is, who coming after me is preferred before me, whose shoe's latchet I am not worthy to unloose." (John 1:26-27); "Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, but that I am sent before him. He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled. He must increase, but I must decrease." (John 3:28-30)

3) ancient worthies, Jonathan shewed us the important template of the faithful Old Testament servant of God. Their lives were not important unto themselves but for pointing to the real Savior to come. "Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto thy name give glory, for thy mercy, and for thy truth's sake." (Psa 7:25-27); "Mine eyes shall be upon the faithful of the land, that they may dwell with me: he that walketh in a perfect way, he shall serve me." (Psa 101:6) —|— See Hebrews ch 11; "And these all, having obtained a good report through faith, received not the promise: God having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should not be made perfect." (Heb 11:39-40)

1) death and resurrection into a new spiritual life, The Israelites passed from the wilderness of Sin into the promised land under the wall of water that "rose up upon an heap" (Josh 3:16) very much like crossing the Red Sea. "Neither said they, Where is the Lord that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, that led us through the wilderness, through a land of deserts and of pits, through a land of drought, and of the shadow of death, through a land that no man passed through, and where no man dwelt?" (Jer 2:6); "And the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of the Lord stood firm on dry ground in the midst of Jordan, and all the Israelites passed over on dry ground, until all the people were passed clean over Jordan." (Josh 3:17); "The means of entering the Promised Land was by crossing the Jordan. Just as the Israelites couldn't leave Egypt, except by passing through the Red Sea, Scripture does not provide a way to enter the Promised Land apart from crossing the Jordan."¹ "For the Lord your God dried up the waters of Jordan from before you, until ye were passed over, as the Lord your God did to the Red sea, which he dried up from before us, until we were gone over." (Josh 4:23); "And now the Lord your God hath given rest unto your brethren, as he promised them: therefore now return ye, and get you unto your tents, and unto the land of your possession, which Moses the servant of the Lord gave you on the other side Jordan." (Josh 22:4) —|—

2) death and resurrection into Christ's kingdom, "Behold, I have set the land before you: go in and possess the land which the Lord sware unto your fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to give unto them and to their seed after them." (Deut 1:8); "Ye shall walk in all the ways which the Lord your God hath commanded you, that ye may live, and that it may be well with you, and that ye may prolong your days in the land which ye shall possess." (Deut 5:33); "And thou shalt do that which is right and good in the sight of the Lord: that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest go in and possess the good land which the Lord sware unto thy fathers." (Deut 6:18); "For ye shall pass over Jordan to go in to possess the land which the Lord your God giveth you, and ye shall possess it, and dwell therein." (Deut 11:31); "Pass through the host, and command the people, saying, Prepare you victuals; for within three days ye shall pass over this Jordan, to go in to possess the land, which the Lord your God giveth you to possess it." (Josh 1:11) —|— "Having made known unto us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure which he hath purposed in himself: That in the dispensation of the fulness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; even in him: In whom also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestinated according to the purpose of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his own will." (Eph 1:9-11); "For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ: Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto himself." (Php 3:20-21); "Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our gathering together unto him." (2 Thes 2:1); "But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him." (1 Cor 2:9); "Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is." (1 John 3:2); "Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me. In my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also." (John 14:1-3); In contrast to this the unrighteous get nothing: "But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death." (Rev 21:8); "For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie." (Rev 22:15)

"The Jordan pointed to the practical application of deliverance from the self-life. When the Israelites crossed the Jordan, they left a monument of twelve stones, typifying the Israelites themselves, buried in the bed of the river, indicating the practical ending of the self-life. And then another memorial of twelve stones was taken from the bed of the river and placed on the shore of Canaan, typifying, not only the newness of life through resurrection, but also to an everlasting and practical separation by burial." The Typical Meaning of the Jordan River

1) Othniel, son of Kenaz; 2) Ehud, son of Gera, a Benjamite; 3) Shamgar, son of Anath; 4a) Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lapidoth & 4b) Barak, son of Abinoam out of Kedeshnaphtali; 5) Gideon, son of Joash the Abiezrite; 6) Tola, son of Puah; 7) Jair, a Gileadite; 8) Jephthah the Gileadite; 9) Ibzan of Bethlehem; 10) Elon, a Zebulonite; 11) Abdon, son of Hillel; 12) Samson, son of Manoah of the Danites; 13) Samuel, son of Elkanah; 14) Joel and Abiah (two sons of Samuel); [Some include: Phinehas the son of Eleazar son of Aaron (Josh 24:33; Jud 20:28; 1 Chr 9:20), and Eli as High Priests (1 Sam 1:3-13; 4:18). I would add Jonathan, son of Saul.] [See: Israel's Judges Preview Christ]

1) King of kings — Christ Jesus, "For the Lord your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward." (Deut 10:17); "Then Samuel took a vial of oil, and poured it upon his head, and kissed him, and said, Is it not because the Lord hath anointed thee to be captain over his inheritance?" (1 Sam 10:1); "And, behold, I purpose to build an house unto the name of the Lord my God, as the Lord spake unto David my father, saying, Thy son, whom I will set upon thy throne in thy room, he shall build an house unto my name." (1 Kgs 5:5) —|— "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised" (Luke 4:18); "And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me. That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel." (Luke 22:29-30); "Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence." (John 18:36); "How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him. And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a tree: Him God raised up the third day, and shewed him openly; Not to all the people, but unto witnesses chosen before God, even to us, who did eat and drink with him after he rose from the dead." (Acts 10:38-41); "Who is gone into heaven, and is on the right hand of God; angels and authorities and powers being made subject unto him." (1 Pet 3:22); "And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood." (Rev 1:5); "These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful." (Rev 17:14); "And he hath on his vesture and on his thigh a name written, King Of Kings, And Lord Of Lords." (Rev 19:16)

2) under kings — the Church, "And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel." (Exo 19:6) —|— "And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel." (Matt 19:28); "That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel." (Luke 22:30); "But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light" (1 Pet 2:9); "And hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen." (Rev 1:6); "And hast made us unto our God kings and priests: and we shall reign on the earth." (Rev 2:10) [See: Israel]

1) sacrificial lamb, "Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats." (Exo 12:5); "Now this is that which thou shalt offer upon the altar; two lambs of the first year day by day continually." (Exo 29:38); "And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the Lord for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin." (Lev 5:6); "And thou shalt say unto them, This is the offering made by fire which ye shall offer unto the Lord; two lambs of the first year without spot day by day, for a continual burnt offering." (Num 28:3); "He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth." (Isa 53:7) —|— "The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. ... And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God!" (John 1:29, 36); "The place of the scripture which he read was this, He was led as a sheep to the slaughter; and like a lamb dumb before his shearer, so opened he not his mouth:" (Acts 8:32); "By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God." (Heb. 10:10-12); "Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot." (1 Pet 1:18-19); "If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness." (1 John 1:9); "And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth. And he came and took the book out of the right hand of him that sat upon the throne. And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four and twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints. And they sung a new song, saying, Thou art worthy to take the book, and to open the seals thereof: for thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation; And hast made us unto our God kings and priests: and we shall reign on the earth. And I beheld, and I heard the voice of many angels round about the throne and the beasts and the elders: and the number of them was ten thousand times ten thousand, and thousands of thousands; Saying with a loud voice, Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and blessing. And every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I saying, Blessing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto him that sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb for ever and ever." (Rev 5:6-13) [See: Daily sacrifices and Continual Burnt offering]

2) Passover lamb, A. "Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening." (Exo 12:3-6); "That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the Lord's passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped." (Exo 12:27) —|— Apostle Paul explains the Passover lamb is Christ. "Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us." (1 Cor 5:7); "Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot." (1 Pet 1:18-19)

B. "And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof." Exo 12:8-9) —|— No bone was to be broken with the paschal lamb when it was roast whole and unlike the usual crucifixtion not one of our Lord's bones was broken. "Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him. But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs: But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water." (John 19:32-34)

C. The blood of the true Passover lamb, on the doorposts and lintel of the heart, protects the firstborn of the world of mankind. "To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven ..." (Heb. 12:23) It was not only the firstborn who were under threat of death. The original Passover applied directly only to the firstborn of the Israelites, the result of the angel passing over the houses, where the lamb's blood was sprinkled on the lintel and doorposts. However, it led to the release of the whole nation of Israel from Egyptian bondage. In like manner the full benefit of Jesus' sacrifice as the Passover lamb will result in all mankind becoming released from the prison house of death. (John 5:28-29); "And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it." (Exo 12:7); "And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the basin; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning." (Exo 12:22) —|— "Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience." (Heb 10:22); "And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel." (Heb 12:24); "Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied." (1 Pet 1:2) [See: Passover; Blood and Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types]

[See: Adam; Brasen Serpent; Esau; Ishmael; Leaven and Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types and Lev 14:4-7]

The Law served a useful purpose because it demonstrated that it is impossible to obtain eternal life by human effort. No one, not any member of the fallen adamic race could reform themself and keep God's Law. "Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin. But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets; Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference." (Rom 3:20-22); "But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness. Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone; As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed." (Rom 9:31-33); "Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith." (Gal 3:24); "Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified." (Gal 2:16); "For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof. For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did; by the which we draw nigh unto God." (Heb 7:18-19); "For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins." (Heb 10:4); "For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all." (James 2:10) [See: The Basis of God's Judgment Upon All Mankind and The Basis Of The Gospel Message]

See more: Romans 3:21-28; 5:1; Gal 3:11, 24; John 15:13; Rom 5:8; 1 Tim 1:15; Matt 20:28; Mark 10:45; John 6:33, 51; et cetera.

"But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises." (Heb 8:6); One purpose of the law was to "serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was admonished of God when he was about to make the tabernacle. "See, saith he, that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the mount." (Heb 8:5) [See: Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types; Ark (of the tabernacle); Bonnets of Underpriests; Brasen Serpent; Breastplate; Bullock; Candlestick; Daily sacrifices; Day of Atonement; Exodus; Feast of: New Moon; Firstborn; Gold; Horn(s) (of the altar); Incense; Lamb (sacrificial, Passover); Lampstand; Laver; Leaven; Levites; Manna; Moses; Oil/holy anointing oil; Passover; Feast of: Pentecost; Priest, High; Under priests; Rock; Sabbath; Stone Tables or Tablets; Tabernacle; Trumpet (silver & ram's horn); Unleavened Bread; Vail (of the Tabernacle); Water (from the rock); Wave Loaves; Wilderness; Zipporah; et cetera.]

Leaven portrayed corruption, extortion and excess, hypocrisy, malice, ravening and wickedness in the heart. "Then Jesus said unto them, Take heed and beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees. ... How is it that ye do not understand that I spake it not to you concerning bread, that ye should beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees? Then understood they how that he bade them not beware of the leaven of bread, but of the doctrine of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees." (Matt 16:6, 11-12); "And he charged them, saying, Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod." (Mark 8:15); "Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess." (Matt 23:25); "And the Lord said unto him, Now do ye Pharisees make clean the outside of the cup and the platter; but your inward part is full of ravening and wickedness." (Luke 11:39); "In the mean time, when there were gathered together an innumerable multitude of people, insomuch that they trode one upon another, he began to say unto his disciples first of all, Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy." (Luke 12:1) [See: Lamb; Passover; Unleavened Bread; and Feast of: Unleavened Bread]

An important feature of the Passover was that the lamb had to be eaten with unleavened bread. "And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it." (Exodus 12:8) —|— Jesus explained that leaven was a symbol of impurity: " ... he began to say unto his disciples ... Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy." (Luke 12:1) The absence of leaven at the Passover meal pointed to the firstborn of the church purging out the leaven of wickedness from their character. "Your glorying is not good. Know ye not that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump? Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us: Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth." (1 Cor 5:8) [See: Laver; Bullock; compare: Esau; Ishmael; etc.]

Another feature was no leavened bread could be burned for a burnt offering for a sacrifice for sin or trespass. "Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread; neither shall the fat of my sacrifice remain until the morning." (Exo 23:18) Only a thanksgiving offering or an heave offering could have leavened bread. The leavened bread pointed to sin in the person offering the sacrifice. The thanksgiving offerings and heave offerings reflected their grateful hearts toward God even as they sought to become freed from their sins in drawing near to God. "If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of fine flour, fried. Besides the cakes, he shall offer for his offering leavened bread with the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings. And of it he shall offer one out of the whole oblation for an heave offering unto the Lord, and it shall be the priest's that sprinkleth the blood of the peace offerings." (Lev 7:12-14) —|— "For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him." (2 Cor 5:21); "For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin." (Heb 4:15); "For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens." (Heb 7:26)

1) [See: Firstborn; Priest(s) 2b); Levitical Installation Sacrifices:Levites, Levite age for service, Levites wages]

2) [See: Firstborn; Feast of: Firstfruits; Feast of: Pentecost. Note that the sheaf offering (Feast of: Firstfruits) shows Christ, the two loaves (Feast of: Pentecost) shows the church. They are two parts (early and later) of the whole firstfruit offering.]

[See: Clothing; Clothing (priestly); David; Joseph; Mordecai; Priest; Tabernacle]

1) the righteous (in contrast to wicked), "And Lot went out at the door unto them, and shut the door after him, And said, I pray you, brethren, do not so wickedly. ... And they said, Stand back. And they said again, This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs be a judge: now will we deal worse with thee, than with them. And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and came near to break the door." (Gen 19:6-7, 9); "And it came to pass, when God destroyed the cities of the plain, that God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow, when he overthrew the cities in the which Lot dwelt." (Gen 19:29) —|— "For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment; And spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon the world of the ungodly; And turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrha into ashes condemned them with an overthrow, making them an ensample unto those that after should live ungodly; And delivered just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked: (For that righteous man dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed his righteous soul from day to day with their unlawful deeds)." (2 Pet 2:4-8)

2) Christ's church standing against sin, "If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted? and if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him." (Gen 4:7); "But if the wicked will turn from all his sins that he hath committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die. ... Because he considereth, and turneth away from all his transgressions that he hath committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die. ... For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord God: wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye." (Eze 18:21, 28, 32); "Say unto them, As I live, saith the Lord God, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel? ... But if the wicked turn from his wickedness, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall live thereby." (Exe 33:11, 19) —|— "Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin." (Rom 6:6); "Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, that ye should obey it in the lusts thereof. ... For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace." (Rom 6:12-14); "Awake to righteousness, and sin not; for some have not the knowledge of God: I speak this to your shame." (1 Cor 15:34); "Be ye angry, and sin not: let not the sun go down upon your wrath." (Eph 4:26); "If ye be reproached for the name of Christ, happy are ye; for the spirit of glory and of God resteth upon you: on their part he is evil spoken of, but on your part he is glorified." (1 Pet 4:14); (2 Pet 2:5-11, Jude 1, etc.); "For in that he himself hath suffered being tempted, he is able to succour them that are tempted." (Heb 2:18); "Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God: for God cannot be tempted with evil, neither tempteth he any man: But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed." (Jam 1:13-14)

A. Melchisedec was king of Salem (later named Jerusalem); and while his name means 'king of righteousness' he was also king of Salem which means 'peace.' "To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace." (Heb 7:2); "And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God. And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth: And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he [Abram] gave him tithes of all." (Gen 14:18-20, see Psa 110:4) —|— Jesus Christ is the King of righteousness. "But unto the Son he saith, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: a sceptre of righteousness is the sceptre of thy kingdom." (Heb 1:8) And he is the Prince of peace who bought for us everlasting peace. "For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh: How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?" (Heb 9:13-14); "Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." (Rom 5:1); "For he is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down the middle wall of partition between us; Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, so making peace; And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity thereby:7 And came and preached peace to you which were afar off, and to them that were nigh." (Eph 2:14-17); "Grace be with you, mercy, and peace, from God the Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the Father, in truth and love." (2 John 1:3)

B. Melchisedec was, and Jesus Christ is, both king and priest. "And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God. And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth: And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of all." (Gen 14:18-20); "For this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him; To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace; Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually." (Gen 7:1-3); "Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other." (Psa 85:10); "The Lord hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek." (Psa 110:4); "And speak unto him, saying, Thus speaketh the Lord of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The Branch; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the Lord. Even he shall build the temple of the Lord; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both." (Zech 6:12-13) —|— "Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus." (Heb 3:1); "As he saith also in another place, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec." (Heb 5:6); "Wherein God, willing more abundantly to shew unto the heirs of promise the immutability of his counsel, confirmed it by an oath: That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us: Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast, and which entereth into that within the veil; Whither the forerunner is for us entered, even Jesus, made an high priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec." (Heb 6:17-20); "For he testifieth, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec." (Heb 7:17); "Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens." (Heb 8:1); "Who is gone into heaven, and is on the right hand of God; angels and authorities and powers being made subject unto him." (1 Pet 3:22) [See: Branch]

First Advent: "Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me: and the Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in: behold, he shall come, saith the Lord of hosts." (Mal 3:1) —|— "Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless? But I say unto you, That in this place is one greater than the temple." (Matt 12:5-6); "Howbeit we know this man whence he is: but when Christ cometh, no man knoweth whence he is. Then cried Jesus in the temple as he taught, saying, Ye both know me, and ye know whence I am: and I am not come of myself, but he that sent me is true, whom ye know not. But I know him: for I am from him, and he hath sent me." (John 7:27-29); "And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves, And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves." (Matt 21:12-13; Luke 19:45-46); "And in the day time he was teaching in the temple; and at night he went out, and abode in the mount that is called the mount of Olives. And all the people came early in the morning to him in the temple, for to hear him." (Luke 21:37-38); "But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises." (Heb 8:6)

Second Advent: "For I the Lord love judgment, I hate robbery for burnt offering; and I will direct their work in truth, and I will make an everlasting covenant with them." (Isa 61:8); "And I will make an everlasting covenant with them, that I will not turn away from them, to do them good; but I will put my fear in their hearts, that they shall not depart from me." (Jer 32:40); "Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them; it shall be an everlasting covenant with them: and I will place them, and multiply them, and will set my sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore." (Eze 37:26); "Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me: and the Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in: behold, he shall come, saith the Lord of hosts." (Mal 3:1); "Afterward he brought me to the gate, even the gate that looketh toward the east: And, behold, the glory of the God of Israel came from the way of the east: and his voice was like a noise of many waters: and the earth shined with his glory. And it was according to the appearance of the vision which I saw, even according to the vision that I saw when I came to destroy the city: and the visions were like the vision that I saw by the river Chebar; and I fell upon my face. And the glory of the Lord came into the house by the way of the gate whose prospect is toward the east. So the spirit took me up, and brought me into the inner court; and, behold, the glory of the Lord filled the house." (Eze 43:1-5) —|— And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias (Elijah), to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord." (Luke 1:17); (Read 1 Kings chpts 17 & 18); "For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people: And they shall not teach every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest. For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more. In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away." (Heb 8:10-13); "And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God, and from his power; and no man was able to enter into the temple, till the seven plagues of the seven angels were fulfilled." (Rev 15:8) [See: Melchisedec]

Surrounding the birth of Moses, innocent children were killed by Pharaoh (Exo 1:22) and after the birth of Jesus, King Herod killed innocent children in Bethlehem (Matt 2:16). Moses was faithful and obedient and foretold that he was a preview of Christ. "My servant Moses is not so, who is faithful in all mine house." (Num 12:7); "The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken." (Deut 18:15) —|— "Who was faithful to him that appointed him, as also Moses was faithful in all his house." (Heb 3:2); "And he shall send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you: Whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began. For Moses truly said unto the fathers, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you." (Acts 3:20-22)

1) deliverer from bondage, "And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me." (Exo 10:3, etc.); "And Moses said unto the people, Remember this day, in which ye came out from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from this place: there shall no leavened bread be eaten." (Exo 13:3); "And Moses told his father in law all that the Lord had done unto Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, and all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how the Lord delivered them." (Exo 18:8); "And brought thee out in his sight with his mighty power out of Egypt." (Deut 4:37); "This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel which appeared to him in the bush." (Acts 7:35); "And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea." (1 Cor 10:2) —|— "And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. They answered him, We be Abraham's seed, and were never in bondage to any man: how sayest thou, Ye shall be made free? Jesus answered them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin. And the servant abideth not in the house for ever: but the Son abideth ever. If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed." (John 8:32-36); "For the creature was made subject to vanity, not willingly, but by reason of him who hath subjected the same in hope, Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. For we know that the whole creation groaneth and travaileth in pain together until now." (Rom 8:20-22); "For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ." (Gal 3:27); "Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son." (Col 1:13) [See: Baptism and Jesus in the Life of Moses - The Deliverer]

2) mediator,

3) lawmaker, "These are the statutes and judgments and laws, which the Lord made between him and the children of Israel in mount Sinai by the hand of Moses." (Lev 26:46); "And this is the law which Moses set before the children of Israel" (Deut 4:44); "And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished." (Deut 31:24); "This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us." (Acts 7:38) —|— "Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression. Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace; to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham; who is the father of us all." (Rom 4:115-16); "For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ." (John 1:17); "For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth." (Rom 10:4); "Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified." (Gal 2:16); "Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree. ... Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith." (Gal 3:13, 24); "And be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith." (Php 3:9)

4) leader, "So Moses brought Israel from the Red sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness, and found no water." (Exo 15:22); "Thou leddest thy people like a flock by the hand of Moses and Aaron." (Psa 77:20); "That led them by the right hand of Moses with his glorious arm, dividing the water before them, to make himself an everlasting name?" (Isa 63:12) —|— "And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up." (John 3:14); "I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep. ... I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine. As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep." (John 10:11, 14-15); " My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me: And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand." (John 10:27-28); [See: Shepherd]

5) prophet, "The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken." (Deut 18:15); "I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed. And the Lord shall scatter you among the nations, and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen, whither the Lord shall lead you. And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell. But if from thence thou shalt seek the Lord thy God, thou shalt find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart and with all thy soul. When thou art in tribulation, and all these things are come upon thee, even in the latter days, if thou turn to the Lord thy God, and shalt be obedient unto his voice; (For the Lord thy God is a merciful God;) he will not forsake thee, neither destroy thee, nor forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them." (Deut 4:26-31) —|— "Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph." (John 1:45); "And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself." (Luke 24:27); "And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me. Then opened he their understanding, that they might understand the scriptures, And said unto them, Thus it is written, and thus it behooved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day: And that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. And ye are witnesses of these things. And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you: but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high." (Luke 24:44-49); "Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord. And he shall send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you: Whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began. For Moses truly said unto the fathers, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you. And it shall come to pass, that every soul, which will not hear that prophet, shall be destroyed from among the people." (Acts 3:19-23); "This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear." (Acts 7:37); "Verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this generation. O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not! Behold, your house is left unto you desolate. For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord." (Matt 23:36-39); "For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many. And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet. For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there shall be famines, and pestilences, and earthquakes, in divers places. All these are the beginning of sorrows. Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all nations for my name's sake. And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, and shall hate one another. And many false prophets shall rise, and shall deceive many. And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold. But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved. And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come. ... Then if any man shall say unto you, Lo, here is Christ, or there; believe it not. For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall shew great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect. Behold, I have told you before." (Matt 24:5-14, 23-25) [See: Matt 24:1-39, Jesus in the Life of Moses - The Deliverer; N.T. Scriptures foretelling His death and N.T. Scriptures foretelling His resurrection]

6) priest, "And Moses wrote all the words of the Lord, and rose up early in the morning, and builded an altar under the hill, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel. And he sent young men of the children of Israel, which offered burnt offerings, and sacrificed peace offerings of oxen unto the Lord. And Moses took half of the blood, and put it in basons; and half of the blood he sprinkled on the altar. And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people: and they said, All that the Lord hath said will we do, and be obedient. And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the Lord hath made with you concerning all these words." (Exod. 24:6-8); "And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, that they bring me an offering: of every man that giveth it willingly with his heart ye shall take my offering." (Exo 25:1-2); "And he washed the inwards and the legs in water; and Moses burnt the whole ram upon the altar: it was a burnt sacrifice for a sweet savour, and an offering made by fire unto the Lord; as the Lord commanded Moses." (Lev 8:21); "Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among them that call upon his name; they called upon the Lord, and he answered them." (Psalm 99:6) —|— "For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people, Saying, This is the blood of the testament which God hath enjoined unto you. Moreover he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle, and all the vessels of the ministry. And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission. It was therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these." (Heb. 9:19-23); "Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen." (Acts 7:44); "Who serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was admonished of God when he was about to make the tabernacle: for, See, saith he, that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the mount." (Heb 8:5); "Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus." (Heb 3:1); "Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession." (Heb 4:14); "Wherefore then serveth the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made; and it was ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator." (Gal 3:19); "For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus." (1 Tim 2:5)

7) bridegroom, Moses as a bridegroom to Zipporah is a picture of the real bridegroom. Moses married a non-Israelite bride, a worshipper of God, the daughter of Jethro—priest of Midian. "And Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which the Lord had done to Israel, whom he had delivered out of the hand of the Egyptians. And Jethro said, Blessed be the Lord, who hath delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pharaoh, who hath delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians. ... And Jethro, Moses' father in law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God: and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father in law before God." (Exo 18:9-10, 12); "And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter." (Exo 2:21) —|— Note that the Christian church is made up from two parts, the Jewish and the Gentile believers, who become one bride. "For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise." (Gal 3:26-29); "For I am jealous over you with godly jealousy: for I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ." (2 Cor 11:2) [See: Eve; Rebekah; Joseph Previews Christ; Zipporah]

8 ...) Moses and Jesus had more parallel experiences:

1) just man, Noah was the only just man in a sinful world. "These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God." (Gen 6:9); "And the Lord said unto Noah, Come thou and all thy house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation." (Gen 7:1); "Though Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it, as I live, saith the Lord God, they shall deliver neither son nor daughter; they shall but deliver their own souls by their righteousness." (Eze 14:20) —|— "By faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house; by the which he condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness which is by faith." (Heb 11:7) Jesus Christ is alone truly just and holy. "For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him." (2 Cor 5:21); "For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens." (Heb 7:26); "For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin." (Heb 4:15); (Acts 7:52; 18:7; 22:14)

2) savior, Noah built the ark to save all who would believe. Only his family of eight souls entered through the door. "And the Lord said unto Noah, Come thou and all thy house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation." (Gen 7:1); "And they went in unto Noah into the ark, two and two of all flesh, wherein is the breath of life. And they that went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as God had commanded him: and the Lord shut him in." (Gen 7:15-16) —|— Jesus Christ is the door by which men enter into salvation. "Then said Jesus unto them again, Verily, verily, I say unto you, I am the door of the sheep. ... I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture." (John 10:7, 9); "Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me." (John 14:6); "And ye will not come to me, that ye might have life." (John 5:40)

3) preacher of righteousness, Noah preached repentance and foretold the deluge of judgement. "And [God] spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon the world of the ungodly." (2 Pet 2:5) —|— Our Lord preached repentance and foretold the Last Judgment. "Now after that John was put in prison, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God, And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel." (Mark 1:14-15); "Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city." (Matt 10:15); "But I say unto you, That every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment." (Matt 12:36); "But it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment, than for you." (Luke 10:14; Matt 11:22); "But I say unto you, That it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment, than for thee." (Matt 11:24; Luke 10:12; Mark 6:11)

4) priest, Noah was a priest unto his family, and by extension to all humanity to come through him, when he departed from the ark and offered sacrifices. "And Noah builded an altar unto the Lord; and took of every clean beast, and of every clean fowl, and offered burnt offerings on the altar." (Gen 8:20 (-9:6)) —|— "Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus." (Heb 3:1); "For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens." (Heb 7:26); "Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens." (Heb 8:1); "But Christ being come an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building." (Heb 9:11); "Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot." (1 Pet 1:18-19); "Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us." (Heb 9:12) [See: Ark of Noah; Flood; Priest (High) and Jesus in the Old Testament - Noah's Ark]

[See: Rom 8:9-16; 1 Cor 6:17; 2 Cor 5:5; Eph 1:13; 2:18; 4:4; 1 Thes 4:8; 1 John 3:24; 4:13; cp Oil, Lampstand; Levitical Installation Sacrifices:Anointing Oil; Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types]

[See: Lampstand]

(Read: Exodus chpt 12); "In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the Lord's passover." (Lev 23:5); "Observe the month of Abib, and keep the passover unto the Lord thy God: for in the month of Abib the Lord thy God brought thee forth out of Egypt by night." (Deut 16:1); "Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leaven; neither shall the sacrifice of the feast of the passover be left unto the morning." (Exo 34:25); "Let the children of Israel also keep the passover at his appointed season. ... And Moses spake unto the children of Israel, that they should keep the passover. And they kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month at even in the wilderness of Sinai: according to all that the Lord commanded Moses, so did the children of Israel." (Num 9:2, 4-5); "Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If any man of you or of your posterity shall be unclean by reason of a dead body, or be in a journey afar off, yet he shall keep the passover unto the Lord. The fourteenth day of the second month at even they shall keep it, and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. They shall leave none of it unto the morning, nor break any bone of it: according to all the ordinances of the passover they shall keep it." (Num 9:10-12); "And Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah, and wrote letters also to Ephraim and Manasseh, that they should come to the house of the Lord at Jerusalem, to keep the passover unto the Lord God of Israel. For the king had taken counsel, and his princes, and all the congregation in Jerusalem, to keep the passover in the second month. For they could not keep it at that time, because the priests had not sanctified themselves sufficiently, neither had the people gathered themselves together to Jerusalem." (2 Chr 30:1-3) —|— Christ Jesus is "the lamb of God" who takes believers from death unto life. "Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us." (1 Cor 5:7); "Who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began, But is now made manifest by the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death, and hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospel: Whereunto I am appointed a preacher, and an apostle, and a teacher of the Gentiles." (2 Tim 1:9-11); "Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot." (1 Pet 1:18-19) [See: Feast of: Passover; Whosoever Eats My Flesh; Hagar; Horns; Ishmael; Joshua (the High Priest); Lamb; Law Covenant; Messenger of the Covenant; Moses; Sarah; Trumpet (silver & ram's horn); Wave Loaves]

A. For the whole household: "And the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house. And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb." (Exo 12:1-4); "Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover." (Exo 12:21); "In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof." (Exo 12:46) —|— "But be not ye called Rabbi: for one is your Master, even Christ; and all ye are brethren." (Matt 23:8); "And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house." (Acts 16:31); "For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of that one body, being many, are one body: so also is Christ." (1 Cor 12:12); "As we have therefore opportunity, let us do good unto all men, especially unto them who are of the household of faith." (Gal 6:10); "For both he that sanctifieth and they who are sanctified are all of one: for which cause he is not ashamed to call them brethren." (Heb 2:11)

B. Without blemish: "Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: and ye shall keep it up to the fourteenth day of the same month." (Exo 12:5-6) —|— "I find no fault in him." (Luke 23:4); "Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot." (1 Pet 1:18-19)

C. Lamb slain in mid afternoon: "And the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening." (Exo 12:6) —|— "In the evening," means literally in the Hebrew, "between the two evenings." He was in three hours of light from nine o'clock till noon, and in three hours of darkness from noon till three o'clock. He died at three o'clock. "And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? ... Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost." (Matt 27:46, 50); "And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. ... And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost." (Mark 15:33, 37)

D. Blood on doorposts and lintel: "And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it." (Exo 12:7); "And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the basin; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning. For the Lord will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the Lord will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you." (Exo 12:22-23); "Through faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of blood, lest he that destroyed the firstborn should touch them." (Heb 11:28) —|— "And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission." (Heb 9:22); "Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience." (Heb 10:22); "And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel." (Heb 12:24); "Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied." (1 Pet 1:2)

E. Roasted whole, unbroken bones, eaten with unleavened bread: "And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it." (Exo 12:8); "In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof." (Exo 12:46); "They shall leave none of it unto the morning, nor break any bone of it: according to all the ordinances of the passover they shall keep it." (Num 9:12) —|— "And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left." (Luke 23:33); "Him, being delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye have taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and slain." (Act 2:23); "Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him. But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs: ... For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken." (John 19:32-33, 36); "Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us: therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth." (I Cor 5:7, 8)

F. Deliverance from judgment through the lamb: "For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the Lord. And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. ... For the Lord will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the Lord will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you." (Exo 12:12-13, 23) —|— "Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life." (John 5:24); And to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to come." (1 Thes 1:10)

G. Deliverance from bondage: "And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigor." (Exodus 1:14); "And it shall come to pass, when ye come to the land which the Lord will give you, according as he has promised, that ye shall keep this service. And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service? That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the Lord's passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses." (Exo 12:25-27); "And because he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed after them, and brought thee out in his sight with his mighty power out of Egypt." (Deut 4:37) —|— Because of the cross, the Christian has deliverance from bondage to sin. "Jesus answered them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin. ... If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed." (John 8:34, 36); "Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God." (Rom 8:21); "But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world." (Gal 6:14)

H. One meal-many households. "And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof. And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the Lord's passover." (Exo 12:8-11) —|— The eating of the Passover meal is a symbol of the Lord's Supper, of the common-union of all believers under the lintel of one sacrifice for all. "And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you." (Luke 22:19-20); "The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?" (1 Cor 10:16); "For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, this cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body." (1 Cor 11:23-29); "Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water." (Heb 10:22); "For he saith, I have heard thee in a time accepted, and in the day of salvation have I succoured thee: behold, now is the accepted time; behold, now is the day of salvation." (2 Cor 6:2) [See: Lamb; Firstborn; Unleavened Bread and Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types]

1) in Joseph's time — Jehovah-God, As a beneficial ruler of Egypt, Pharaoh provided for the well-being of Egyptians, Israelites and many others. "The eyes of all wait upon thee; and thou givest them their meat in due season. Thou openest thine hand, and satisfiest the desire of every living thing. The Lord is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works." (Psalm 145:15-17); "And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, See, I have set thee over all the land of Egypt." (Gen 41:41); "And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said unto all the Egyptians, Go unto Joseph; what he saith to you, do." (Gen 41:55); "Then Joseph said unto the people, Behold, I have bought you this day and your land for Pharaoh: lo, here is seed for you, and ye shall sow the land." (Gen 47:23) —|— "For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved." (John 3:16-17); "Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Moses gave you not that bread from heaven; but my Father giveth you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is he which cometh down from heaven, and giveth life unto the world. ... I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world." (John 6:32-33, 51); "And if any man hear my words, and believe not, I judge him not: for I came not to judge the world, but to save the world." (John 12:47); "This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief." (1 Tim 1:15);

2) in Moses' time — Satan, This crafty, wicked Pharoah, as a ruler with a hard, unrepentant heart, enslaved the Israelites and attempted to destroy them. "Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph. And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we: Come on, let us deal wisely with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there falleth out any war, they join also unto our enemies, and fight against us, and so get them up out of the land. Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses. But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew. And they were grieved because of the children of Israel. And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour: And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour." (Exo 1:9-14); ["By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter." (Heb 11:24)]; "And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage." (Exo 2:23); "And the Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage: And when we cried unto the Lord God of our fathers, the Lord heard our voice, and looked on our affliction, and our labour, and our oppression: And the Lord brought us forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terribleness, and with signs, and with wonders." (Deut 26:6-8); "And I have also heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage; and I have remembered my covenant." (Exo 6:5); "I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage." (Exo 20:2; Deut 5:6; 6:12) This pointed to Satan (that old serpent, the devil, Satan, Lucifer; Rev 12:9; 20:2; Isa 14:12-15). "And the Lord said unto Satan, The Lord rebuke thee, O Satan; even the Lord that hath chosen Jerusalem rebuke thee: is not this a brand plucked out of the fire?" (Zech 3:2) —|— "Jesus answered them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin. ... If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed." (John 8:34, 36); "Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it." (John 8:44); "Those by the way side are they that hear; then cometh the devil, and taketh away the word out of their hearts, lest they should believe and be saved." (Luke 8:12); "Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God." (Rom 8:21); "For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth." (Rom 9:17); "In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them." (2 Cor 4:4); "Who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us from this present evil world, according to the will of God and our Father." (Gal 1:4); "Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him." (1 John 2:15); "He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil." (1 John 3:8) [See: Red Sea; Passover]

[See: Cloud]

To be cast into the pit pointed to destruction and death. The Old Testament term 'pit' portrays death in the grave. "Unto thee will I cry, O Lord my rock; be not silent to me: lest, if thou be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit." (Psa 28:1); "O Lord, thou hast brought up my soul from the grave: thou hast kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit." (Psa 30:3); "Thou hast laid me in the lowest pit, in darkness, in the deeps." (Psa 88:6); "Let burning coals fall upon them: let them be cast into the fire; into deep pits, that they rise not up again." (Psalm 140:10); "Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and an horrible tempest: this shall be the portion of their cup." (Psa 11:6); "What man is he that liveth, and shall not see death? shall he deliver his soul from the hand of the grave? Selah." (Psa 89:48); "Then Jonah prayed unto the Lord his God out of the fish's belly, And said, I cried by reason of mine affliction unto the Lord, and he heard me; out of the belly of hell cried I, and thou heardest my voice. For thou hadst cast me into the deep [pit of the sea], in the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me about: all thy billows and thy waves passed over me. Then I said, I am cast out of thy sight; yet I will look again toward thy holy temple. The waters compassed me about, even to the soul: the depth closed me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my head. I went down to the bottoms of the mountains; the earth with her bars was about me for ever: yet hast thou brought up my life from corruption, O Lord my God. When my soul fainted within me I remembered the Lord: and my prayer came in unto thee, into thine holy temple." (Jonah 2:1-7); "Then he is gracious unto him, and saith, Deliver him from going down to the pit: I have found a ransom." (Job 33:24) —|— Note that Jesus uses Jonah's three days in the pit of the earth to point to his own experience. "But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas: For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth." (Matt 12:40); "And when the people were gathered thick together, he began to say, This is an evil generation: they seek a sign; and there shall no sign be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet." (Luke 11:29); Then John connects the grave with a cave or pit saying, "Jesus therefore again groaning in himself cometh to the grave. It was a cave, and a stone lay upon it." (John 11:38); (Matt 27:60; Mark 15:46; Luke 23:53)

Jesus Christ breaks the power of the grave. "O Lord, thou hast brought up my soul from the grave: thou hast kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit." (Psa 30:3); "But God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave: for he shall receive me. Selah." (Psa 49:15); "I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes." (Hos 13:14) —|— "Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in the which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, And shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation [judgment]." (John 5:28-29); "In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary to see the sepulchre. And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it. His countenance was like lightning, and his raiment white as snow: And for fear of him the keepers did shake, and became as dead men. And the angel answered and said unto the women, Fear not ye: for I know that ye seek Jesus, which was crucified. He is not here: for he is risen, as he said. Come, see the place where the Lord lay." (Matt 28:1-6); "So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory. O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?" (1 Cor 15:54-55)

But many will not accept the offer of life. "Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat." (Matt 7:13); "But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death." (Rev 21:8); Those cast in are unrepentant, incorrigible, irretrievable rejectors of Christ's salvation. "Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved." (Acts 4:12); "Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name: That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." (Phil 2:9-11); [See: John 5:24; 1 Cor 6:8-10; Matt 25:45-46; John 6:54; etc.]

[See: Bullock; Blood; Ephod; Law Covenant; Tabernacle; Temple of Solomon; Veil; etc.]

[See: Aaron and Firstborn; Law Covenant; Tabernacle; Levitical Installation Sacrifices: Priests, Priests Garments, Priests wages]

The true prophets pointed to and in some ways portrayed Christ Jesus as he himself said, "And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself." (Luke 24:27); "And he said, Hear now my words: If there be a prophet among you, I the Lord will make myself known unto him in a vision, and will speak unto him in a dream." (Num 12:6); "The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken. ... I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him. And it shall come to pass, that whosoever will not hearken unto my words which he shall speak in my name, I will require it of him." (Deut 18:15, 18-19); "And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel: and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abelmeholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room." (1 Kgs 19:16); "The prophet that hath a dream, let him tell a dream; and he that hath my word, let him speak my word faithfully. What is the chaff to the wheat? saith the Lord." (Jer 23:28); "Behold, the former things are come to pass, and new things do I declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them." (Isa 42:9); "Since the day that your fathers came forth out of the land of Egypt unto this day I have even sent unto you all my servants the prophets, daily rising up early and sending them." (Jer 7:25); "Yet the Lord testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets." (2 Kgs 17:13); "Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required. Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me, I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart." (Psa 40:6-8); (cf. Daniel 9:25-26) —|— "And there came a fear on all: and they glorified God, saying, That a great prophet is risen up among us; and, That God hath visited his people." (Luke 7:16); "And they were in the way going up to Jerusalem; and Jesus went before them: and they were amazed; and as they followed, they were afraid. And he took again the twelve, and began to tell them what things should happen unto him." (Mark 10:32); "For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John." (Matt 11:13); "The law and the prophets were until John: since that time the kingdom of God is preached, and every man presseth into it." (Luke 16:16); "Now I tell you before it come, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe that I am he." (John 13:19); "Unto you first God, having raised up his Son Jesus, sent him to bless you, in turning away every one of you from his iniquities." (Acts 3:26); "Having therefore obtained help of God, I continue unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come: That Christ should suffer, and that he should be the first that should rise from the dead, and should shew light unto the people, and to the Gentiles." (Acts 26:22-23); "We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts." (2 Pet 1:19)

Note Jesus' words: "Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me." (John 5:39); "Then he said unto them, O fools, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken: Ought not Christ to have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory? And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself." (Luke 24:25-27); "And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me. Then opened he their understanding, that they might understand the scriptures, And said unto them, Thus it is written, and thus it behooved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day: And that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. And ye are witnesses of these things. And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you: but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high." (Luke 24:44-49) [See: Old Testament Types and

Verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this generation. O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not! Behold, your house is left unto you desolate. For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord." (Matt 23:36-39); "For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many. And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet. For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there shall be famines, and pestilences, and earthquakes, in divers places. All these are the beginning of sorrows. Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all nations for my name's sake. And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, and shall hate one another. And many false prophets shall rise, and shall deceive many. And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold. But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved. And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come. ... Then if any man shall say unto you, Lo, here is Christ, or there; believe it not. For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall shew great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect. Behold, I have told you before." (Matt 24:5-14, 23-25)

1) in blessing, "That I will give you the rain of your land in his due season, the first rain and the latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil." (Deut 11:14); "The Lord shall open unto thee his good treasure, the heaven to give the rain unto thy land in his season, and to bless all the work of thine hand: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, and thou shalt not borrow." (Deut 28:12); "Thou, O God, didst send a plentiful rain, whereby thou didst confirm thine inheritance, when it was weary." (Psa 68:9) God rained down Manna to portray a blessing. "I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a certain rate every day." (Exo 16:4); "For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts. For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater: So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it." (Isa 55:9-11): "And I will make them and the places round about my hill a blessing; and I will cause the shower to come down in his season; there shall be showers of blessing." (Eze 34:26); "I will be as the dew unto Israel: he shall grow as the lily, and cast forth his roots as Lebanon." (Hos 14:5); "My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distil as the dew, as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass." (Deut 32:2); "As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended upon the mountains of Zion: for there the Lord commanded the blessing, even life for evermore." (Psa 133:3) —|— In this manner rain pointed to Christ Jesus, the greatest blessing from heaven. "For I came down from heaven, not to do mine own will, but the will of him that sent me." (John 6:38); "Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Moses gave you not that bread from heaven; but my Father giveth you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is he which cometh down from heaven, and giveth life unto the world. ... I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world." (John 6:32-33, 51); "This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief." (1 Tim 1:15); "For the earth which drinketh in the rain that cometh oft upon it, and bringeth forth herbs meet for them by whom it is dressed, receiveth blessing from God." (Heb 6:7) [See: Manna; Water]

2) in judgment, God used the prophets Noah, Moses, Samuel and Elijah to connect His word to rain: "For yet seven days, and I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights; and every living substance that I have made will I destroy from off the face of the earth." (Gen 7:4); "Take heed to yourselves, that your heart be not deceived, and ye turn aside, and serve other gods, and worship them; And then the Lord's wrath be kindled against you, and he shut up the heaven, that there be no rain, and that the land yield not her fruit; and lest ye perish quickly from off the good land which the Lord giveth you. Therefore shall ye lay up these my words in your heart and in your soul, and bind them for a sign upon your hand, that they may be as frontlets between your eyes." (Deut 11:16-18); "Is it not wheat harvest to day? I will call unto the Lord, and he shall send thunder and rain; that ye may perceive and see that your wickedness is great, which ye have done in the sight of the Lord, in asking you a king." (1 Sam 12:17); "And Elijah the Tishbite, who was of the inhabitants of Gilead, said unto Ahab, As the Lord God of Israel liveth, before whom I stand, there shall not be dew nor rain these years, but according to my word. ... And he said, Go up, say unto Ahab, Prepare thy chariot, and get thee down that the rain stop thee not." (1 Kgs 17:1-18:46) The absence of rain (drought and famine) and a deluge of rain (flood) are both used as forms of judgment. A literally 'hard' rain is hail. "He gave them hail for rain, and flaming fire in their land." (Psa 105:32); "Fire, and hail; snow, and vapours; stormy wind fulfilling his word:" (Psa 148:8); "Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast down to the earth with the hand. ... Judgment also will I lay to the line, and righteousness to the plummet: and the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding place." (Isa 28:2, 17); "And the Lord shall cause his glorious voice to be heard, and shall shew the lighting down of his arm, with the indignation of his anger, and with the flame of a devouring fire, with scattering, and tempest, and hailstones." (Isa 30:30) —|— "But as the days of Noah were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be." (Matt 24:37-39); "And Jesus said, For judgment I am come into this world, that they which see not might see; and that they which see might be made blind." (John 9:39); "For I came down from heaven, not to do mine own will, but the will of him that sent me." (John 6:38); "A bruised reed shall he not break, and smoking flax shall he not quench, till he send forth judgment unto victory." (Matt 12:20): "Elias was a man subject to like passions as we are, and he prayed earnestly that it might not rain: and it rained not on the earth by the space of three years and six months. And he prayed again, and the heaven gave rain, and the earth brought forth her fruit." (James 5:17-18); "These have power to shut heaven, that it rain not in the days of their prophecy: and have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to smite the earth with all plagues, as often as they will." (Rev 11:6) [See: Baptism; Flood; Water]

The Red Sea is a place of judgment. For those under the blood of the passover lamb it led to deliverance from bondage into life. "But lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thine hand over the sea, and divide it: and the children of Israel shall go on dry ground through the midst of the sea. ... And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left." (Exo 14:16, 22); "For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the Lord brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea." (Exo 22:19) —|— For us Christ is our Passover and only in Him are we covered from all sin in the day of judgment. "Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us." (1 Cor 5:7); "But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ." (Eph 2:13); "How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?" (Heb 9:14)

For those who rejected the blood, it led to condemnation unto death. "Pharaoh's chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea: his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red sea." (Exo 15:4); "For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the Lord brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea." (Exo 22:19) —|— "But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God." (Rom 2:5); "The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptations, and to reserve the unjust unto the day of judgment to be punished." (2 Pet 2:9); "But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men." (2 Pet 3:7); ["And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day." (Jude 1:6)]

1) baptism into Christ (leading to life), "And the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night: He took not away the pillar of the cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people." (Exo 13:21-22); "But lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thine hand over the sea, and divide it: and the children of Israel shall go on dry ground through the midst of the sea. ... And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left." (Exo 14:16, 22); "And the Lord thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live." (Deut 30:6); "He taught me also, and said unto me, Let thine heart retain my words: keep my commandments, and live." (Pro 4:4); "For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord God: wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye." (Eze 18:32) —|— "Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea." (1 Cor 10:1-2); "But I have a baptism to be baptized with; and how am I straitened till it be accomplished!" (Luke 12:50); "But Jesus answered and said, Ye know not what ye ask. Are ye able to drink of the cup that I shall drink of, and to be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with? They say unto him, We are able." (Matt 20:22); "And they said unto him, We can. And Jesus said unto them, Ye shall indeed drink of the cup that I drink of; and with the baptism that I am baptized withal shall ye be baptized." (Mark 10:39); "And not as it was by one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment was by one to condemnation, but the free gift is of many offences unto justification. ... Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life." (Rom 5:16, 18); "Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death? Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life." (Rom 6:3-4); "Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead. And you, being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your flesh, hath he quickened together with him, having forgiven you all trespasses." (Col 2:12-13)

2) condemnation for the disobedient, hard hearted, lawless, unrepentant (leading to death); "For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, They are entangled in the land, the wilderness hath shut them in. And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egyptians may know that I am the Lord. And they did so." (Exo 14:3-4); "And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand. But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pihahiroth, before Baalzephon. And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians marched after them; and they were sore afraid: and the children of Israel cried out unto the Lord." (Exo 14:8-10); "And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall follow them: and I will get me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen. And the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord, when I have gotten me honour upon Pharaoh, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen." (Exo 14:17-18); "And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them to the midst of the sea, even all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. And it came to pass, that in the morning watch the Lord looked unto the host of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and of the cloud, and troubled the host of the Egyptians, And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily: so that the Egyptians said, Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the Lord fighteth for them against the Egyptians. And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the sea, that the waters may come again upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their horsemen. And Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to his strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it; and the Lord overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, and all the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them; there remained not so much as one of them." (Exo 14:23-28); "Pharaoh's chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea: his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red sea. The depths have covered them: they sank into the bottom as a stone." (Exo 15:4-5); "But (God) overthrew Pharaoh and his host in the Red sea: for his mercy endureth for ever." (Psa 136:15); "Say unto them, As I live, saith the Lord God, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel?" (Eze 33:11) —|— "By faith they passed through the Red sea as by dry land: which the Egyptians assaying to do were drowned." (Heb 11:29); "The men of Nineve shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas is here." (Luke 11:32); "He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God." (John 3:18); "But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God." (Rom 2:5); "But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, it is evident: for, The just shall live by faith." (Gal 3:11); "And I said, Who art thou, Lord? And he said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest. But rise, and stand upon thy feet: for I have appeared unto thee for this purpose, to make thee a minister and a witness both of these things which thou hast seen, and of those things in the which I will appear unto thee; Delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee, To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me." (Acts 26:15-18); "Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, in the day of temptation in the wilderness. ... While it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation." (Heb 3:8, 15) [See: Baptism; Lamb; Passover; Pharaoh; Flood, Noah's Flood and Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types]

1) Christ Jesus, "And the Lord said unto Moses, Go on before the people, and take with thee of the elders of Israel; and thy rod, wherewith thou smotest the river, take in thine hand, and go. Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel. And he called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because of the chiding of the children of Israel, and because they tempted the Lord, saying, Is the Lord among us, or not?" (Exo 17:5-7); "And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Take the rod, and gather thou the assembly together, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink. And Moses took the rod from before the Lord, as he commanded him. And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before the rock, and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock? And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also." (Num 20:7-11); "But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked: thou art waxen fat, thou art grown thick, thou art covered with fatness; then he forsook God which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation." (Deut 32:15); "The God of my rock; in him will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence. ... The Lord liveth; and blessed be my rock; and exalted be the God of the rock of my salvation." (2 Sam 22:3, 47); "Unto thee will I cry, O Lord my rock; be not silent to me: lest, if thou be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit." (Psa 28:1); "O come, let us sing unto the Lord: let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation." (Psa 95:1); "It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in man. It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in princes." (Psa 118:8-9); (Psa 18:2; 46; 62:7; 89:26; Isa 17:10; etc.) —|— "But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life." (John 4:14; see vs 6-14); "And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ." (1 Cor 10:4); "And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven. And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it." (Matt 16:16-18) [See also: Flood, Noah's; Light; Water]

2) false saviours, These can be environmental groups, fraternities, multi-step groups, mutual-aid societies, natural health groups, political groups, religious groups, self-help groups, sororities, etc. Each of these can be a substitute for the holy, healing relationships for believers in the body of Christ. "When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, (for the people were distressed,) then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits." (1 Sam 13:6); "Put not your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help." (Psa 146:3); "And the loftiness of man shall be bowed down, and the haughtiness of men shall be made low: and the Lord alone shall be exalted in that day. And the idols he shall utterly abolish. And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth, for fear of the Lord, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made each one for himself to worship, to the moles and to the bats; To go into the clefts of the rocks, and into the tops of the ragged rocks, for fear of the Lord, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth." (Isa 2:17-21); "Thy terribleness hath deceived thee, and the pride of thine heart, O thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, that holdest the height of the hill: though thou shouldest make thy nest as high as the eagle, I will bring thee down from thence, saith the Lord." (Jer 49:16); "The pride of thine heart hath deceived thee, thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, whose habitation is high; that saith in his heart, Who shall bring me down to the ground? Though thou exalt thyself as the eagle, and though thou set thy nest among the stars, thence will I bring thee down, saith the Lord." (Obad 1:3-4) [Note: Psa 52:1-8; Psa 2; etc.]; "Woe to the rebellious children, saith the Lord, that take counsel, but not of me; and that cover with a covering, but not of my spirit, that they may add sin to sin: That walk to go down into Egypt, and have not asked at my mouth; to strengthen themselves in the strength of Pharaoh, and to trust in the shadow of Egypt! Therefore shall the strength of Pharaoh be your shame, and the trust in the shadow of Egypt your confusion." (Isa 30:1-3); "The Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, saith; Behold, I will punish the multitude of No, and Pharaoh, and Egypt, with their gods, and their kings; even Pharaoh, and all them that trust in him." (Jer 46:25); "The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us." (Hosea 10:8); "Who can stand before his indignation? and who can abide in the fierceness of his anger? his fury is poured out like fire, and the rocks are thrown down by him." (Nahum 1:6); "I saw the Lord standing upon the altar: and he said, Smite the lintel of the door, that the posts may shake: and cut them in the head, all of them; and I will slay the last of them with the sword: he that fleeth of them shall not flee away, and he that escapeth of them shall not be delivered. Though they dig into hell, thence shall mine hand take them; though they climb up to heaven, thence will I bring them down: And though they hide themselves in the top of Carmel, I will search and take them out thence; and though they be hid from my sight in the bottom of the sea, thence will I command the serpent, and he shall bite them." (Amos 9:1-3) —|— "For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps which never gave suck. Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us." (Luke 23:29-30); "And said to the mountains and rocks, Fall on us, and hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb." (Rev 6:16) [See: Mountain, Hill; cf Stone(s); Water]

"And they took them wives of the women of Moab; the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth: and they dwelled there about ten years. And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was left of her two sons and her husband. ... So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter in law, with her, which returned out of the country of Moab: and they came to Bethlehem in the beginning of barley harvest." (Ruth 1:4-5, 22) Jesus is the promised savior: "I the LORD have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles." (Isa 42:6); "And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek: and his rest shall be glorious." (Isa 11:10); The 'Root of Jesse' is a lineage reference to our Boaz, our kinsman-redeemer Jesus Christ. —|— "Henceforth I call you not servants; for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you." (John 15:15); "And in his name shall the Gentiles trust." (Matt 12:21); Isaiah 11:10 is quoted in Romans 15:12 "And again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust.". "As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved." (Rom 9:25); "I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world." (John 6:51); "Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you. Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me, and I in him." (John 6:53-56); "For the woman which hath an husband is bound by the law to her husband so long as he liveth; but if the husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of her husband. So then if, while her husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, she is free from that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man. Wherefore, my brethren, ye also are become dead to the law by the body of Christ; that ye should be married to another, even to him who is raised from the dead, that we should bring forth fruit unto God." (Rom 7:2-4); Jesus is the bridegroom: "He that hath the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled." (John 3:29); "And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb's wife." (Rev 21:9); The Wheat Harvest: "Be patient therefore, brethren, unto the coming of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter rain." (Jas 5:7)

"The command to observe the Sabbath was given to Israel EXCLUSIVELY. It was not given to the Gentiles. It was given to Israel as the "SIGN" of the "Mosaic Covenant." "Verily My Sabbaths you shall keep: for it is a 'SIGN' between Me and you throughout your generations." (Exo 31:13; Eze 20:12, 19-21) ... It is now in abeyance as foretold in Hosea 2:11 it would be. It is to be resumed when the Jews are nationally restored to their own land (Isa 66:23; Eze 44:24; 46:1-3)." Sabbath

"Samuel himself was a picture of our Saviour. The meaning of his name was one of the perplexities of Hebrew scholarship till the year 1899, when the Twelfth Congress of Orientalists held its meeting at Rome, and Professor Jastrow, of Philadelphia, showed that, in the Assyrian, which is closely allied to the Hebrew tongue, the word sumu means son, and he translated "Samuel" as "son (or offspring) of God." Hannah, in the depth and sincerity of her surrender, gave up her first-born son to God utterly."

"He was "God's son" from the moment of his birth. "Therefore I have given him to the Lord" (not "lent" as in the A.V.). The word, common to the Babylonian and Hebrew tongues before their separation, becomes a witness to the antiquity of the book. It disappeared from the language of the Israelites so completely that no Jewish student of the Bible, ancient or modern, was able to explain it. But it is evident that it was in common use in Hannah's day; for she wanted every one to know that he was altogether the Lord's own, and she must have chosen a word, therefore, which every one could understand."

"The name "God's son" takes us a step further. The resemblance between Hannah's Song and that of Mary, the mother of Jesus, [is remarkable]. Mary's Song is not a repetition of Hannah's, yet both see the same vision. It is a vision of the earth's full salvation, and of the Lord's Christ. "The adversaries of the Lord," sings Hannah, "shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall He thunder upon them: the Lord shall judge the ends of the earth; and He shall give strength unto His King, and exalt the horn of His anointed" — that is of His Messiah (1 Sam 2:10). "He hath showed strength with His arm," responds Mary: "He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts ... He hath holpen His servant Israel, in remembrance of His mercy; as He spake to our fathers, to Abraham, and to his seed for ever." (Luke 1:51-55)"

"Hannah's Song, and the name she gave her child, are alike a prophecy of Christ. She has the honor of being the first to use the name "Messiah". Quote from: Christ in All the Scriptures, by A.M. Hodgkin, http://www.thebookwurm.com/amh-1sam.htm; accessed 6/6/2015

1) Christ, [See: Saul Previews Christ]

2a) Satan / antichrist, Saul had enmity against God, His anointed, His prophet, His priest, His people and succumbed to seeking familiar spirits. "And Samuel said, What hast thou done? And Saul said, Because I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that thou camest not within the days appointed, and that the Philistines gathered themselves together at Michmash; Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication unto the Lord: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering." (1 Sam 13:11-12); "And Saul said unto Samuel, I have sinned: for I have transgressed the commandment of the Lord, and thy words: because I feared the people, and obeyed their voice." (1 Sam 15:24); "So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against the Lord, even against the word of the Lord, which he kept not, and also for asking counsel of one that had a familiar spirit, to enquire of it." (1 Chr 10:13) —|— "Thou art the anointed cherub that covereth; and I have set thee so: thou wast upon the holy mountain of God; thou hast walked up and down in the midst of the stones of fire. Thou wast perfect in thy ways from the day that thou wast created, till iniquity was found in thee. By the multitude of thy merchandise they have filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned: therefore I will cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God: and I will destroy thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire." (Ezek. 28:14); "For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High. Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit." (Isa 14:13-15) [See: Saul and David - Satan and Christ; Types Of The Antichrist; Saul, a Type of Anti-Christ (1 Samuel 22:6-23) - YouTube; Types Of The Antichrist; The Sons Of Saul]

2b) accuser, Saul was one individual who finds sin in others but not himself. "And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?" (1 Sam 20:1); "Then there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David enquired of the Lord. And the Lord answered, It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he slew the Gibeonites. And the king called the Gibeonites, and said unto them; (now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites; and the children of Israel had sworn unto them: and Saul sought to slay them in his zeal to the children of Israel and Judah.) ... And the Gibeonites said unto him, We will have no silver nor gold of Saul, nor of his house; neither for us shalt thou kill any man in Israel. And he said, What ye shall say, that will I do for you. And they answered the king, The man that consumed us, and that devised against us that we should be destroyed from remaining in any of the coasts of Israel." (2 Sam 21:1-2, 4-5); "So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against the Lord, even against the word of the Lord, which he kept not, and also for asking counsel of one that had a familiar spirit, to enquire of it; And enquired not of the Lord: therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David the son of Jesse." (1 Chr 10:13-14) —|— " ... They say unto him, Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act. Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but what sayest thou? This they said, tempting him, that they might have to accuse him. But Jesus stooped down, and with his finger wrote on the ground, as though he heard them not. ..." (John 8:1-11); And why beholdest thou the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye? Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out of thine eye; and, behold, a beam is in thine own eye? Thou hypocrite, first cast out the beam out of thine own eye; and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote out of thy brother's eye." (Matt 7:3-5; Luke 6:41-42); "And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words." (Mark 12:13); "But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, Why tempt ye me, ye hypocrites?" (Matt 22:18); (Matt 23 ch)

1) Israel, "O God, why hast thou cast us off for ever? why doth thine anger smoke against the sheep of thy pasture?" (Psalm 74:1); "Know ye that the Lord he is God: it is he that hath made us, and not we ourselves; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture." (Psa 100:3); "Now therefore thus shalt thou say unto my servant David, Thus saith the Lord of hosts, I took thee from the sheepcote, even from following the sheep, that thou shouldest be ruler over my people Israel:" (1 Chr 17:7); "Woe be unto the pastors that destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture! saith the Lord." (Jer 23:1); "And I will set up one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them, even my servant David; he shall feed them, and he shall be their shepherd." (Eze 34:23) —|— "But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." (Matt 10:6); "But he answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel." (Matt 15:24); "And Jesus, when he came out, saw much people, and was moved with compassion toward them, because they were as sheep not having a shepherd: and he began to teach them many things." (Mark 6:34)

2) the disciples of Christ, "But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock." (Psa 78:52); "All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all." (Isa 53:6) —|— "Then saith Jesus unto them, All ye shall be offended because of me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad." (Matt 26:31); "Fear not, little flock; for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom." (Luke 12:32); "Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood. For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing the flock." (Acts 20:28-29); "The elders which are among you I exhort, who am also an elder, and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that shall be revealed: Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind; Neither as being lords over God's heritage, but being examples to the flock. And when the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away." (1 Pet 5:1-4); "My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me." (John 10:27) [See: Shepherd]

[See: Gold Table; Manna; Leaven; Priests, Under Priests; Unleavened Bread]

1) hearts hardened by sin, "And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had said. And the Lord said unto Moses, Pharaoh's heart is hardened, he refuseth to let the people go." (Exo 7:13-14); "Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? when he had wrought wonderfully among them, did they not let the people go, and they departed?" (1 Sam 6:6); "Happy is the man that feareth alway: but he that hardeneth his heart shall fall into mischief." (Prov 28:14); "And I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within you; and I will take the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them an heart of flesh." (Eze 11:19); "A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh." (Eze 36:26) —|— "He saith unto them, Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so." (Matt 19:8); "And when he had looked round about on them with anger, being grieved for the hardness of their hearts, he saith unto the man, Stretch forth thine hand. And he stretched it out: and his hand was restored whole as the other." (Mark 3:5); "For they considered not the miracle of the loaves: for their heart was hardened." (Mark 6:52); "But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God." (Rom 2:5); "Harden not your hearts, as in the provocation, in the day of temptation in the wilderness: ... While it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation." (Heb 3:8, 15).

2) the church, "And the king commanded, and they brought great stones, costly stones, and hewed stones, to lay the foundation of the house. And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders did hew them, and the stonesquarers: so they prepared timber and stones to build the house." (1 Kgs 5:17-18); "And the house, when it was in building, was built of stone made ready before it was brought thither: so that there was neither hammer nor axe nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building." (1 Kgs 6:7) —|— "Forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart." (2 Cor 3:3); "Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God; And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone; In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord: In whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit." (Eph 2:19-22); "Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you? If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy; for the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are." (1 Cor. 3:16-17); "What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own?" (1 Cor 6:19); "And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? for ye are the temple of the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people." (2 Cor 6:16); "Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ." (1 Pet 2:5) [See: Temple; An introduction and overview of the Tabernacle and Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types; cf Rock]

[See: Adam; Adulterers; Altar: Stone; Ishmael; Israel; Job]

1) [See: Bullock]

2a)

2b)

2c) [See: Court]

3)

4) [See: Temple, of Solomon

[See: Manna; Leaven; Priests; Shewbread; Unleavened Bread; Table]

1) church in glory in Christ's kingdom, Solomon (used as a type), and not David (also used as a type), built the temple which superseded the tabernacle. "And the word of the LORD came to Solomon, saying, Concerning this house which thou art in building ... I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will not forsake my people Israel. So Solomon built the house, and finished it." (1 Kgs 6:11-14) Both the tabernacle and the temple portrayed the church, which is where God dwells with His people now. "The Lord therefore hath performed his word that he hath spoken: for I am risen up in the room of David my father, and am set on the throne of Israel, as the Lord promised, and have built the house for the name of the Lord God of Israel." (2 Chr 6:10); "Now when Solomon had made an end of praying, the fire came down from heaven, and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices; and the glory of the Lord filled the house. And the priests could not enter into the house of the Lord, because the glory of the Lord had filled the Lord's house. And when all the children of Israel saw how the fire came down, and the glory of the Lord upon the house, they bowed themselves with their faces to the ground upon the pavement, and worshipped, and praised the Lord, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever." (2 Chr 7:1-3); "For now have I chosen and sanctified this house, that my name may be there for ever: and mine eyes and mine heart shall be there perpetually." (2 Chr 7:16); "In the year that king Uzziah died I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple." (Isa 6:1) —|— "But ye are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you. Now if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his. ... But if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you." (Rom 8:9, 11); "Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you? If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy; for the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are." (1 Cor. 3:16-17); "What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own?" (1 Cor 6:19); "And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? for ye are the temple of the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people." (2 Cor 6:16); "Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God; And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone; In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord: In whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit." (Eph 2:19-22) [See: 1Kgs 6:1; 6:38; John 2:19; 2:21; Tabernacle]

2) (its rebuilding by Ezra) — the renewing of salvation by grace, and final completion of the church, "Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, The Lord God of heaven hath given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he hath charged me to build him an house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Who is there among you of all his people? his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of the Lord God of Israel, (he is the God,) which is in Jerusalem." (Ezra 1:2-3); "In that day will I raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen, and close up the breaches thereof; and I will raise up his ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old: That they may possess the remnant of Edom, and of all the heathen, which are called by my name, saith the Lord that doeth this." (Amos 9:11-12); "And speak unto him, saying, Thus speaketh the Lord of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The Branch; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the Lord: Even he shall build the temple of the Lord; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both." (Zech 6:12-13) —|— "After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up." (Acts 15:16); "And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me." (Luke 24:44); "Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me." (John 5:39); "It is written in the prophets, And they shall be all taught of God. Every man therefore that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father, cometh unto me." (John 6:45); "For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast." (Eph 2:8-9); "Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the saints, and of the household of God; And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone; In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord: In whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit." (Eph 2:19-22) [See: Tabernacle]

"And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil." (Gen 2:9); "Thou wilt shew me the path of life: in thy presence is fulness of joy; at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore." (Psa 16:11); "She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her: and happy is every one that retaineth her." (Pro 3:18) —|— "In him was life; and the life was the light of men." (John 1:4); "I am that bread of life." (John 6:48) God's source of 'spiritual food' to sustain us was hung was upon a tree. "The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom ye slew and hanged on a tree." (Acts 5:30); "As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father: so he that eateth me, even he shall live by me." (John 6:57); "For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death." (Rom 8:2); "Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea; And did all eat the same spiritual meat; And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ." (1 Cor 10:1-4); "Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." (Rom 5:1); "And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to reconcile all things unto himself; by him, I say, whether they be things in earth, or things in heaven." (Col 1:20); "In this was manifested the love of God toward us, because that God sent his only begotten Son into the world, that we might live through him." (1 John 4:9); "In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month: and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations. ... Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city." (Rev 22:2, 14)

[See: Feast of: Trumpets]

From Jacob's twelve sons came the whole nation of Israel, chosen people of the Old Testament. "And they said, Thy servants are twelve brethren, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and, behold, the youngest is this day with our father, and one is not." (Gen 42:13); "All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it that their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every one according to his blessing he blessed them." (Gen 49:28); (Exo 24:4; 28:21; 39:14; ... Josh 3:12; 1 Kgs 18:31; 2 Chr 4:4; 2 Chr 9:19; Ezra 6:17; Exe 47:13; ... etc.); "And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs." (Acts 7:8) In the wilderness journey, God gathered around Himself, that is around the tabernacle, the twelve tribes of Israel in Numbers chapter 2 putting three tribes on each side. [This is perhaps the best illustration of a mother hen with her chicks. Note the parallel statements of Jesus: "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not!" (Matt 23:37); "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killest the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee; how often would I have gathered thy children together, as a hen doth gather her brood under her wings, and ye would not!" (Luke 13:34).] —|— In a spiritual way the chosen people of the New Testament, taken from both Jews and Gentiles, have sprung from the ministry of the twelve Apostles. These become one body of believers—the Church of Christ. "And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease. ... These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not: But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." (Matt 10:1, 5-6); "And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel." (Matt 19:28); "And he ordained twelve, that they should be with him, and that he might send them forth to preach." (Mark 3:14); "And when it was day, he called unto him his disciples: and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles." (Luke 6:13); (... etc.) Jesus also gathered His 12 disciples about Him: "Now before the feast of the passover, when Jesus knew that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he loved them unto the end." (John 13:1); "And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel." (Matt 19:28); "Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve." (Matt 26:20); "Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the saints, and of the household of God; And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone; In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord: In whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit." (Eph 2:19-22)

Just like Joseph went down into Egypt before his brethren, Apostle Paul went to spiriutal Egypt to reach the Gentiles. Just like Joseph's brothers came to Egypt later, the other eleven Apostles went out to reach the Gentiles as Christ Jesus directed. "And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come." (Matt 24:14); "But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth." (Acts 1:8) [See: Jordan river and The Apostles Of Jesus Christ]

[See: Brass; Laver]

[See: Adam; Bullock; Lamb; Silver; Unleavened Bread; Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types]

1) from the rock — Holy spirit from Christ Jesus, "Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel." (Exo 17:6); "Take the rod, and gather thou the assembly together, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink." (Num 20:8); "He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths. He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers." (Psa 78:15-16) —|— "But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life." (John 4:14); "In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, 'If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and he that believeth on me, let him drink. As the scripture hath said: Out of him shall flow rivers of living water.' (But this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believe on him should receive: for the Holy Ghost was not yet given; because that Jesus was not yet glorified.)" (John 7:37-39; Out Of Him Shall Flow Rivers); "And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ." (1 Cor 10:4); "For he hath said, I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee. So that we may boldly say, The Lord is my helper." (Heb 13:5, 6); "And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let him that is athirst, come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely." (Rev 22:17) [See: Baptism; Light; Flood; Rain; Rock; Water from the Rock, A Type of Christ's Gift of the Holy Spirit at: Devotional Studies Of Old Testament Types; Out Of Him Shall Flow Rivers]

2) water, well water — word of truth / word of God, "The words of a man's mouth are as deep waters, and the wellspring of wisdom as a flowing brook." (Pro 18:4); "That I might make thee know the certainty of the words of truth; that thou mightest answer the words of truth to them that send unto thee?" (Pro 22:21); "Therefore with joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation." (Isa 12:3); "Behold, the days come, saith the Lord God, that I will send a famine in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the words of the Lord." (Amos 8:11) —|— Note Genesis chapter 24 where Eliezer (a type of the Holy Spirit) at the well called Rebekah (a type of the bride of Christ) to marry Isaac. The parallel setting is John chapter 4 where Jesus met, at the well, the Samaritan woman who heard His words, believed and called others to Him. "That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word." (Eph 5:26); "" (); "This is he that came by water and blood, even Jesus Christ; not by water only, but by water and blood. And it is the Spirit that beareth witness, because the Spirit is truth." (1 John 5:6) [See: Baptism; Flood; Eliezer; Rain; Rebekah; Rock; Water]

3) water of judgment, "And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the Lord sent thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the Lord rained hail upon the land of Egypt." (Exo 9:23); "Hast thou entered into the treasures of the snow? or hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war?" (Job 38:22-23); " And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the Lord sent thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the Lord rained hail upon the land of Egypt. So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation." (Exo 9:23-24); "So Samuel called unto the Lord; and the Lord sent thunder and rain that day: and all the people greatly feared the Lord and Samuel." (1 Sam 12:18); "Fire, and hail; snow, and vapours; stormy wind fulfilling his word:" (Psa 148:8); "And I will plead against him with pestilence and with blood; and I will rain upon him, and upon his bands, and upon the many people that are with him, an overflowing rain, and great hailstones, fire, and brimstone." (Eze 38:22) —|— "For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water: Whereby the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished. But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men." (2 Pet 3:5-7); "These have power to shut heaven, that it rain not in the days of their prophecy: and have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to smite the earth with all plagues, as often as they will." (Rev 11:6); "Fire, and hail; snow, and vapours; stormy wind fulfilling his word." (Rev 16:21) [See: Flood]

4) water of blessing, "That I will give you the rain of your land in his due season, the first rain and the latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil." (Deut 11:14); "The Lord shall open unto thee his good treasure, the heaven to give the rain unto thy land in his season, and to bless all the work of thine hand: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, and thou shalt not borrow." (Deut 28:12); "Thou waterest the ridges thereof abundantly: thou settlest the furrows thereof: thou makest it soft with showers: thou blessest the springing thereof." (Psa 65:10); "And I will make them and the places round about my hill a blessing; and I will cause the shower to come down in his season; there shall be showers of blessing." (Eze 34:26); "Be glad then, ye children of Zion, and rejoice in the Lord your God: for he hath given you the former rain moderately, and he will cause to come down for you the rain, the former rain, and the latter rain in the first month." (Joel 2:23) —|— "That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust." (Matt 5:45); "For the earth which drinketh in the rain that cometh oft upon it, and bringeth forth herbs meet for them by whom it is dressed, receiveth blessing from God." (Heb 6:7)

1) (in good sense) joy and gladness, "And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God." (Gen 14:18); "Therefore God give thee of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine." (Gen 27:28); "And with the one lamb a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil; and the fourth part of an hin of wine for a drink offering." (Exo 29:40); "And for a drink offering thou shalt offer the third part of an hin of wine, for a sweet savour unto the Lord." (Num 15:7); "All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the wheat, the firstfruits of them which they shall offer unto the Lord, them have I given thee." (Num 18:12); "That I will give you the rain of your land in his due season, the first rain and the latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil." (Deut 11:14); "Then brought all Judah the tithe of the corn and the new wine and the oil unto the treasuries." (Neh 13:12); "Thou hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine increased." (Psa 4:7); "And wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man's heart." (Psa 104:15) —|— "Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. And they filled them up to the brim. And he saith unto them, Draw out now, and bear unto the governor of the feast. And they bare it. When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine, and knew not whence it was: (but the servants which drew the water knew;) the governor of the feast called the bridegroom, And saith unto him, Every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine; and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse: but thou hast kept the good wine until now." (John 2:7-10) Note the parable in Luke 5:36-39 speaks of the new wine of Christ's teaching and the desire of the scribes and Pharisees for the older Mosaic teachings. The New wine pointed to the message of salvation through Christ Jesus which brings great joy and gladness of heart to those who are made new creatures, whose sins are forgiven and are at peace with God. "Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." (Rom 5:1); "Grace be with you, mercy, and peace, from God the Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the Father, in truth and love." (2 John 1:3) Note also Acts 2:1-13 where the spirit is given to all of the disciples and where they "speak in our tongues the wonderful works of God. "And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit." (Eph 5:18)

2) (in bad sense) spirit of the world / idolatry, "Do not drink wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations." (Lev 10:9); The Nazarite vow, while in effect, required: "He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried." (Num 6:3); "Thou hast shewed thy people hard things: thou hast made us to drink the wine of astonishment." (Psa 60:3); "For in the hand of the Lord there is a cup, and the wine is red; it is full of mixture; and he poureth out of the same: but the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring them out, and drink them." (Psa 75:8); "For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence." (Pro 4:17); "He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich. ... Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh: ... They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine" (Pro 21:17; 23:20, 30) —|— "For John the Baptist came neither eating bread nor drinking wine; and ye say, He hath a devil. The Son of man is come eating and drinking; and ye say, Behold a gluttonous man, and a winebibber, a friend of publicans and sinners!" (Luke 7:33-34); "Others mocking said, These men are full of new wine." (Acts 2:13); "And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit." (Eph 5:18); "For the time past of our life may suffice us to have wrought the will of the Gentiles, when we walked in lasciviousness, lusts, excess of wine, revellings, banquetings, and abominable idolatries: Wherein they think it strange that ye run not with them to the same excess of riot, speaking evil of you: Who shall give account to him that is ready to judge the quick and the dead." (1 Pet 4:3-5); "And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication. ... The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb." (Rev 14:8, 10); "And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath." (Rev 16:19); "With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication." (Rev 17:2); "For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies." (Rev 18:3)

1) literal Jerusalem, also its inhabitants, "Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion: the same is the city of David." (2 Sam 5:7); "And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David." (1 Chr 11:5); "Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion." (Psa 2:6); "Do good in thy good pleasure unto Zion: build thou the walls of Jerusalem." (Psa 51:18); (Psa 9:14; 14:7; 48:2, 11-12; 53:6; 76:1-3; 78:68; 84:7; 87:2, 5; 97:8; 102:13, 16; ... etc.); "To declare the name of the Lord in Zion, and his praise in Jerusalem." (Psa 102:21); "Blessed be the Lord out of Zion, which dwelleth at Jerusalem. Praise ye the Lord." (Psa 135:21); "Praise the Lord, O Jerusalem; praise thy God, O Zion." (Psa 147:12); "And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem." (Isa 2:3); "And it shall come to pass, that he that is left in Zion, and he that remaineth in Jerusalem, shall be called holy, even every one that is written among the living in Jerusalem." (Isa 4:3); "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass." (Zech 9:9) —|— "Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover." (Luke 2:41); "And it came to pass, when the time was come that he should be received up, he stedfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem." (Luke 9:51); "And it came to pass, as he went to Jerusalem, that he passed through the midst of Samaria and Galilee." (Luke 17:11); "Tell ye the daughter of Sion, Behold, thy King cometh unto thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass, and a colt the foal of an ass. And the disciples went, and did as Jesus commanded them, And brought the ass, and the colt, and put on them their clothes, and they set him thereon. And a very great multitude spread their garments in the way; others cut down branches from the trees, and strawed them in the way. And the multitudes that went before, and that followed, cried, saying, Hosanna to the son of David: Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord; Hosanna in the highest. And when he was come into Jerusalem, all the city was moved, saying, Who is this? And the multitude said, This is Jesus the prophet of Nazareth of Galilee." (Matt 21:5-11); "On the next day much people that were come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, Took branches of palm trees, and went forth to meet him, and cried, Hosanna: Blessed is the King of Israel that cometh in the name of the Lord. And Jesus, when he had found a young ass, sat thereon; as it is written, Fear not, daughter of Sion: behold, thy King cometh, sitting on an ass's colt." (John 12:12-15)

2) spiritual Jerusalem, "Sing praises to the Lord, which dwelleth in Zion: declare among the people his doings." (Psa 9:11); "Praise waiteth for thee, O God, in Sion: and unto thee shall the vow be performed." (Psa 65:1); "They that trust in the Lord shall be as mount Zion, which cannot be removed, but abideth for ever." (Psa 125:1); "The Lord shall reign for ever, even thy God, O Zion, unto all generations. Praise ye the Lord." (Psa 146:10); "By this therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged; and this is all the fruit to take away his sin; when he maketh all the stones of the altar as chalkstones that are beaten in sunder, the groves and images shall not stand up." (Isa 27:9); "Therefore thus saith the Lord God, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste." (Isa 28:16); "The Lord is exalted; for he dwelleth on high: he hath filled Zion with judgment and righteousness. ... Look upon Zion, the city of our solemnities: thine eyes shall see Jerusalem a quiet habitation, a tabernacle that shall not be taken down; not one of the stakes thereof shall ever be removed, neither shall any of the cords thereof be broken." (Isa 33:5, 20); "And the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away." (Isa 35:10); "O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God!" (Isa 40:9); "I bring near my righteousness; it shall not be far off, and my salvation shall not tarry: and I will place salvation in Zion for Israel my glory." (Isa 46:13); "Therefore the redeemed of the Lord shall return, and come with singing unto Zion; and everlasting joy shall be upon their head: they shall obtain gladness and joy; and sorrow and mourning shall flee away. ... And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and say unto Zion, Thou art my people." (Isa 51:11, 16); "And the Redeemer shall come to Zion, and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, saith the Lord." (Isa 59:20); "They shall ask the way to Zion with their faces thitherward, saying, Come, and let us join ourselves to the Lord in a perpetual covenant that shall not be forgotten." (Jer 50:5); "And saviours shall come up on mount Zion to judge the mount of Esau; and the kingdom shall be the Lord's." (Obad 1:21); "Thus saith the Lord; I am returned unto Zion, and will dwell in the midst of Jerusalem: and Jerusalem shall be called a city of truth; and the mountain of the Lord of hosts the holy mountain." (Zech 8:3) —|— "As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed." (Rom 9:33); "And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob." (Rom 11:26); "But ye are come unto mount Sion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels." (Heb 12:22); "Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded." (1 Pet 2:6); "And I looked, and, lo, a Lamb stood on the mount Sion, and with him an hundred forty and four thousand, having his Father's name written in their foreheads." (Rev 14:1) [See: Jerusalem]

A. Moses married a non-Israelite bride (as did Joseph in Egypt who married Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On), a worshipper of God, the daughter of Jethro—priest of Midian (Exo 3:1; 18:1). "And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter." (Exo 2:21); "And Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which the Lord had done to Israel, whom he had delivered out of the hand of the Egyptians. And Jethro said, Blessed be the Lord, who hath delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pharaoh, who hath delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians. ... And Jethro, Moses' father in law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God: and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father in law before God." (Exo 18:9-10, 12) —|— The Christian church is made up from two parts, the smaller number of Jewish believers and the larger number of Gentile believers, who become one bride. "For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise." (Gal 3:26-29); "For I am jealous over you with godly jealousy: for I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ." (2 Cor 11:2) [See: Eve; Rebekah; Joseph Previews Christ]

B. We learn that Zipporah, who is a believer in God, is instrumental in the cirumcision of her son. "Then Zipporah took a sharp stone, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet, and said, Surely a bloody husband art thou to me." (Exo 4:25); "And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant." (Gen 17:14); "And the Lord thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live." (Deut 30:6) —|— "And ye are complete in him, which is the head of all principality and power: In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ: Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead." (Col 2:10-12); "I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service. And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God." (Rom 12:1-2); "And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them." (Eph 5:11); "Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart." (2 Tim 2:22)

C. Zipporah married and became one flesh with this 'Moses' who goes up the mountain to meet God and comes back again for the people. She is in union with all that Moses does and becomes a picture of the church united to Christ Jesus. "And Moses went up unto God, and the Lord called unto him out of the mountain, saying, Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel;" (Exo 19:3); "And the Lord came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the Lord called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up." (Exo 19:20); "And Moses went down from the mount unto the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes." (Exo 19:14); "And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written. And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables." (Exo 32:15-16) —|— This is fulfilled in these words: "And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight. And while they looked stedfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel; Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven." (Acts 1:9-11); "Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is." (1 John 3:2); "Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me. In my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also." (John 14:1-3); "And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea. And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God. ... And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb's wife. And he carried me away in the spirit to a great and high mountain, and shewed me that great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God, Having the glory of God." (Rev 21:1-3, 9-11 a); "And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel." (Matt 19:28); "Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life. But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which glory was to be done away: How shall not the ministration of the spirit be rather glorious?" (2 Cor 3:6-8) [See: Moses]